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| 11814855845 | Structure and Function of Bio-molecules | Most are organic molecules Extremely large Complex 3D shapes Function depends on 3D shape Stereochemistry | 0 | |
| 11866699446 | D-Isomer | Right handed forms | 1 | |
| 11866705609 | L-Isomer | Left handed forms | 2 | |
| 11866716356 | Monomers | Building blocks | 3 | |
| 11866720431 | Polymers | Groups of monomers that bond together | 4 | |
| 11866735540 | When putting monomers together, you lose H2O | Dehydration Synthesis | 5 | |
| 11866750011 | Can be reversed by adding water to break molecules down | Hydrolysis | 6 | |
| 11866761751 | Carbohydrates | Polar Water soluble Have lots of -OH Can either be a ketone or aldehyde Carbonyl Three types: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides | 7 | |
| 11866796895 | Monosaccharides | Made of monomers Simplest form Simple sugars/carbs | 8 | |
| 11866812585 | Oligosaccharides | 2-20 monosaccharides 2 mono = disaccharide 3 mono = trisaccharide | 9 | |
| 11866836125 | Polysaccharides | >20 monosaccharides Complex sugars | 10 | |
| 11866847458 | Classification of monosaccharides | 1. Type of carbonyl group Aldehyde - aldose sugar Ketone - ketone sugar 2. Number of carbon atoms 3 C = triose sugar 4 C = tetrose sugar 5 C = pentose sugar 6 C = hexose sugar | 11 | |
| 11866914094 | Monosaccharides to know | Glucose - aldohexose sugar Galactose - aldohexose sugar Fructose - keothexose sugar Ribose - aldopentose sugar | 12 | |
| 11866961799 | Glycosidic Bond | Bond that bonds two monosaccharides together | 13 | |
| 11866974253 | Disaccharides | Sucrose (table sugar) Glucose + Fructose Lactose (milk sugar) Galactose + Glucose Maltose (malt sugar) 2 Glucose bound together | 14 | |
| 11866997128 | Glucans | Only building block is glucose | 15 | |
| 11867004335 | Three types of glucans | Starch, glycogen, and cellulose | 16 | |
| 11867011740 | Starch | Storage form of glucose in plants Amylose - continuous chain of glucose Amylopectin - has branches of glucose ever 24-30 | 17 | |
| 11867034105 | Glycogen | Storage form of glucose in animals Structure same as amylopectin, branches every 8-10 Found in liver and skeletal muscle | 18 | |
| 11867045782 | Cellulose | Fiber Main structural feature of plant cell walls | 19 | |
| 11867053270 | Function of Carbohydrates | Energy (glucose) Structure (cellulose) Information carriers | 20 | |
| 11867070032 | Lipids | Diverse group of molecules Nonpolar molecules Water insoluble | 21 | |
| 11867083701 | Fatty Acids (FA) | Long chain of carboxylic acids > 16 C atoms Even # of C atoms Saturated (C-C) or Unsaturated (C=C) | 22 | |
| 11867103435 | MUFA | Monounsaturated fatty acid | 23 | |
| 11867109836 | PUFA | Polyunsaturated fatty acid | 24 | |
| 11867121599 | C=C Classification | C numbering starting at carboxyl end Omega numbering starting at methyl end | 25 | |
| 11867146254 | Delta System | Uses C numbering and indicates position of C=C | 26 | |
| 11867177493 | Omega (w) System | Uses omega numbering and indicates position of 1st C=C | 27 | |
| 11867187552 | Fatty Acid Function | Makes energy (2nd behind glucose) More energy dense Brain and RBC dont use FA, they use glucose Makes other lipids Structure (membranes) Every double bond kinks the chain. | 28 | |
| 11867246760 | Fatty acid state at room temp | Saturated - solids Unsaturated - liquids/oils | 29 | |
| 11867251970 | Wax functions | Is protective Waterproofing/Buoyancy | 30 | |
| 11867277390 | Triglycerides functions | Energy storage - adipose tissue Insulation Protection | 31 | |
| 11867298907 | Phospholipids |  | 32 | |
| 11867307371 | Steroids | Cholesterol 1. used for structure in cell membrane Adds rigidity 2. Makes bile salts Bile acids leave through poo and are made in the liver Stored in gallbladder 3. Can make steroid hormones | 33 | |
| 11867343390 | Steroid Hormones Function | Carries information | 34 | |
| 11867373907 | Progestin (progesterone) | Made in ovary and all steroid synthesizing cells Menstruation Pregnancy | 35 | |
| 11867395099 | Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) | Regulates fluid and electrolyte balance Increases blood pressure Adrenal gland Kidneys | 36 | |
| 11867429828 | Glucocorticoids (cortisol) | Controls general body physiology Regulates energy production, immune response, and inflammation Stress hormones Adrenal gland | 37 | |
| 11867473811 | Androgens (testosterone) | Made in testes/ovary Male sex hormones Anabolic molecule (growth of muscle and bone) Estrogens E1, E2, E3 In ovary Female sex hormones | 38 | |
| 11867507844 | Eicosanoids | lipids derived from arachidonic acid 20 C - 20 C FA | 39 | |
| 11867521512 | Prostaglandins | Stimulates fever Pain stimulation Inflammation Physiology of eye Male and female reproduction | 40 | |
| 11867541911 | Thromboxanes | Coagulation | 41 | |
| 11867552363 | Leukotrienes | Respiratory physiology Bronco constrictors (asthma) | 42 | |
| 11867615190 | enzyme-catalyzed reaction |  | 43 | |
| 11867649934 | Km | Measure of binding strength | 44 | |
| 11867657129 | Vmax | How fast reaction occurs | 45 | |
| 11867663059 | Protein functions | "Proteins are life" They do everything They form structure (cell, organelles, tissue, organs) They transport Moves things across membranes Information carriers (hormones) Function as enzymes | 46 | |
| 11867705569 | primary structure of protein | sequence of amino acids (not random) every protein has its own primary and unique 1 structure Only thing necessary is peptide bonds | 47 | |
| 11867719770 | secondary structure of protein | Discrete 3D shapes that from in certain parts of proteins Each protein has ts own unique number of 2 structures Hydrogen bonds formed between side chains |  | 48 |
| 11867769925 | tertiary structure of protein | overall 3D shape of whole proteins 2 major types of 3D shapes: globular proteins and fibrous proteins Hydrogen bonds/Hydrophobic force/Disulfide bond Some proteins stop at this level of structure and are functional, some are not ready | 49 | |
| 11867809097 | quaternary structure of a protein | 2 or mroe polypeptides associating together to create a functional protein Hydrogen bonds/Disulfide bonds | 50 | |
| 11867826597 | Enzymes | Biological catalyst Speeds reactions without being used up 99.9% catalyzed by enzymes Delta G = favorable reaction | 51 | |
| 11867861030 | Affect Enzyme Activity | Temperature, pH, inhibitors | 52 | |
| 11867877934 | Competitive inhibitors | Competes with substrate, increases Km value | 53 | |
| 11867890931 | Noncompetitive inhibitors | decreases Vmax, blocks ability to form product | 54 | |
| 11867902265 | Irreversible inhibitors | permanent inhibitor, decreases Vmax | 55 | |
| 11867913289 | Nucleic Acids | 2 major types DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA- Ribonucleic Acid | 56 | |
| 11867934679 | Nucleotides | building blocks Made up of 3 components: sugar, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group | 57 | |
| 11867981952 | Sugars | DNA- Deoxyribose (aldopentose with one missing -OH) RNA- Ribose (aldopentose sugar) | 58 | |
| 11867998108 | Nitrogenous Base | 2 main types: Purines and Purimidines | 59 | |
| 11868009687 | Purines | Adenine and Guanine |  | 60 |
| 11868018986 | Pyrimidines | cytosine, thymine, uracil |  | 61 |
| 11868030218 | Nucleosides | Sugar + Base | 62 | |
| 11868048364 | ATP | Primary energy molecule in all living organisms | 63 | |
| 11868106296 | Nucleic acid functions | Storage and transmission of genetic information | 64 | |
| 11868114370 | Central Dogma of Biology |  | 65 | |
| 11868124349 | DNA | Storage of genetic information | 66 | |
| 11868124487 | RNA | Transmitter of genetic information | 67 | |
| 11868137470 | Proteins | Genetic information in action; is realized | 68 | |
| 11868172502 | Replication | Happens in nucleus Mitosis/Meiosis | 69 | |
| 11868204234 | Messenger RNA (mRNA) | Info making proteins | 70 | |
| 11868208463 | Transfer RNA (tRNA) | Deliver amino acids to ribosomes | 71 | |
| 11868215440 | Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | Structure of ribosomes | 72 |
