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Biochemistry Flashcards

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6054470551ProteinA molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body.0
6054471513CarbohydrateMain source of energy.1
6054471514MonosaccharideA single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.2
6054471984PolysaccharideCarbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides3
6054473067Nucleic AcidA macromolecule composed of nucleotide chains.4
6054473068NucleotideA building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar bonded to a base and a phosphate group.5
6054473899Amino acidMonomers of protein6
6054473900LipidEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.7
6054474269TriglicerideA polymer of a lipid. It contains three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule.8
6054478279MonomerA simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers9
6054479004PolymerA long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.10
6054479715Dehydration SynthesisA chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.11
6054480243HydrolysisBreaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water12
6124029120phospholipidA molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.13
6124044674adhesionAn attraction between molecules of different substances14
6124046311polarityA lack of electrical symmetry in a molecule. Charge differences on opposite ends of a structure.15
6124047771GlucoseC6H12O616
6124063148pH Scalemeasurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14. O is most acidic + and 14 is most basic.17

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