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| 10960077176 | Which amino acid does not have a chiral a-carbon atom? | Glycine (Gly, G) | 0 | |
| 10960079693 | Which amino acids have 2 chiral carbons? (4 possible stereoisomers each) | Threonine and isoleucine | 1 | |
| 10960080615 | The 20 L-a-amino acids are frequently grouped according to what? | Chemical nature of their side chains | 2 | |
| 10960090976 | Which 4 amino acids have saturated side chains? | Alanine (Ala, A) Valine (Val, V) Leucine (Leu, L) Isoleucine (Ile, I) | 3 | |
| 10960082435 | Aliphatic amino acids | Non-polar and hydrophobic amino acids that prefer the interior of protein molecule | 4 | |
| 10960096764 | Examples of aliphatic amino acids | Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Glycine has the smallest functional group (hydrogen) of any of the a-amino acids. Glycine has such a small side chain that it does not have much effect on the hydrophobic interactions. | 5 | |
| 10960108206 | Cyclic amino acid | The heterocyclic pyrrolidine ((CH2)4NH) ring restricts the geometry of polypeptides. | 6 | |
| 10960112966 | Example of cyclic amino acid | Proline (Pro, P) - has 3 carbon side chain bonded to the a-amino nitrogen | 7 | |
| 10960129904 | Aromatic R groups | A cyclic, planar molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms. Very stable, and do not break apart easily to react with other substances. Organic compounds that are not aromatic are classified as aliphatic compounds—they might be cyclic, but only aromatic rings have special stability (low reactivity). Can absorb UV | 8 | |
| 10960132794 | Examples of side chains with aromatic groups | Phenylalanine (Phe, F) - Benzene Tyrosine (Try, Y) - phenol ring Tryptophan (Trp, W) - bicyclic indole group | 9 | |
| 10960140413 | What are the most hydrophobic amino acids? | Phenylalanine (Phe, F) , Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine | 10 | |
| 10960151508 | Although, Tryosine (Try, Y) and Tryptophan (Trp, W) have some hydrophobic character, they are... | tempered by the polar groups in their side chains | 11 | |
| 10960165626 | Which aromatic amino acids exhibit strong absorption of light in the near ultra-violet region of the spectrum? | Tryosine, Phenylalanine and Tryptophan | 12 | |
| 10960173258 | Application of UV absorption by aromatic amino acids | Used for the analytical detection of proteins | 13 | |
| 10960179131 | Sulfur-containing R group | Disulfide bridges may stabilise the three-D structures of proteins | 14 | |
| 10960183432 | Examples of Sulfur containing R group amino acids | Methionine (Met, M) (CH2CH2SCH3) Cysteine (Cys, C) (CH2SH) | 15 | |
| 10960194504 | Formation of cystine | Oxidation: Two cysteine side chains can be crossed-linked forming a disulfide bridge (-CH2-S-S-CH2-) May undergo reduction to reform two cysteine amino acids | 16 | |
| 10960204382 | Side Chains with Alcohol Group | Site of phosphorylation of many proteins | 17 | |
| 10960233782 | Examples of side chains with alcohol group | Serine (Ser, S) Threonine (Thr, T) Tyrosine (Tyr, Y) ...have uncharged polar side chains | 18 | |
| 10960237474 | Basic R groups | Side chains are nitrogenous bases which substantially positively charged at pH7 (except His) - Strongly polar so found on the exterior surfaces of proteins, where they can be hydrated by the surrounding aqueous environment. Their pKa's are high enough that they tend to bind protons, gaining a positive charge in the process. | 19 | |
| 10960241086 | Examples of basic R groups amino acids | Histidine (His, H) - imidazole (least basic) Lysine (Lys, K) - alkylamino group Arginine (Arg, R) - guanidino group Their side chains contain nitrogen and resemble ammonia, which is a base. | 20 | |
| 10960280746 | Amide amino acids (amide, derivative of Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid) | Asparagine and Glutamine Highly polar but not charged Amides are usually regarded as derivatives of carboxylic acids in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an amine or ammonia. | 21 | |
| 10960302822 | Acidic R groups | Aspartate (Asd, D) Glutamate (Glu, E) Dicarboxylic acids, and are negatively charged at pH7 (loses a proton) | 22 | |
| 10960323418 | What are the ionizable groups in amino acids? | 1.) a-carboxyl 2.) a-amino 3. Some side chains | 23 | |
| 10960328153 | pH properties of ionizable groups in amino acids | Each ionizable group has a specific pKa AH <-> A- + H+ For a solution pH BELOW the pKa, the protonated form predominates (AH) For a solution pH ABOVE the pKa, the unprotonated form predominates (A) | 24 | |
| 10960369555 | Application of titration curve | Titration curves are used to determine pKa values | 25 | |
| 10960374779 | Zwitterion | A molecule with equal numbers of positive and negative charges - thus the net charge is zero. Under normal cellular conditions, amino acids are zwitterions (dipolar ions): Amino group = -NH3+ Carboxyl group = -COO- | 26 |
