Sapling BIology Ch 2 - Chemistry of Life
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| 5009947508 | matter | anything composed of atoms | 0 | |
| 5009947509 | element | A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons. | 1 | |
| 5009947510 | compound | A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds | 2 | |
| 5009947511 | molecule | 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds | 3 | |
| 5009947512 | solid | A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. | 4 | |
| 5009947513 | liquid | A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape. | 5 | |
| 5009947514 | gas | A state of matter with no definite shape or volume | 6 | |
| 5009947515 | organic compound | Compounds that contain carbon (except: CO & CO2) | 7 | |
| 5009947516 | hydrocarbon | Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen | 8 | |
| 5009947517 | polar molecule | Molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges |  | 9 |
| 5009947518 | hydrogen bond | Bond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion of another molecule | 10 | |
| 5009947519 | Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance |  | 11 |
| 5009947520 | Adhesion | An attraction between molecules of different substances | | 12 |
| 5009947521 | macromolecule | A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules | 13 | |
| 5009947522 | polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds | 14 | |
| 5009947523 | monomer | A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers | 15 | |
| 5009947524 | carbohydrates | Composed of CHO in 1:2:1 ratio. Main source of energy in your diet |  | 16 |
| 5009947525 | monosaccharide | A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar. | | 17 |
| 5009947526 | disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. | 18 | |
| 5009947527 | polysaccharide | Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides | 19 | |
| 5009947528 | disaccharide examples | sucrose, maltose, lactose | 20 | |
| 5009947529 | monosaccaride examples | glucose, fructose, galactose | 21 | |
| 5009947530 | polysaccharide examples | starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin | 22 | |
| 5009947531 | protein | Amino acids joined by peptide bonds which make up structures and carry out functions of an organism. CHONS | 23 | |
| 5009947532 | amino acid | Building blocks (monomers) of protein | 24 | |
| 5009947533 | dipeptide | A combination of two amino acids united by means of a peptide bond. | 25 | |
| 5009947534 | polypeptide | A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. | 26 | |
| 5009947535 | primary structure of protein | The sequence of amino acids bonded with peptide bonds | 27 | |
| 5009947536 | secondary stucture of protein | results from hydrogen bonds developing between atoms at different parts of the chain causing helix or pleated sheet | 28 | |
| 5009947537 | tertiary structure of protein | How the chain folds into three dimensions - due to interactions between the R groups of distant amino acids - due to disulfide-bridges | 29 | |
| 5009947538 | quarternary structure of protein | overall protein structure, combining 2 or more polypeptides | 30 | |
| 5009947539 | nucleic acids | C, H, O, N, P - contain genetic information | 31 | |
| 5009947540 | nucleotide | A monomer of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. | 32 | |
| 5009947541 | nucleic acid polymers | DNA & RNA | 33 | |
| 5009947542 | Lipid | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of CHO | 34 | |
| 5009947543 | triglyceride | A molecule made up of three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol; Does energy storage, thermal insulation, binds and cushions organs, fills space | 35 | |
| 5009947544 | phospholipid | A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes | 36 | |
| 5009947545 | fatty acid chain | Make up saturated fat, carbon surrounded by hydrogens | 37 | |
| 5009947546 | glycerol | A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils. | 38 | |
| 5009947547 | hydrophilic | "water-loving"; pertaining to polar or charged molecules (or parts of molecules) that are soluble in water | 39 | |
| 5009947548 | hydrophobic | "Water-fearing"; pertaining to nonpolar molecules (or parts of molecules) that do not dissolve in water. | 40 | |
| 5009947549 | chemical reaction | A change in which one or more substances are converted into new substances | 41 | |
| 5009947550 | reactant | A starting material in a chemical reaction | 42 | |
| 5009947551 | product | An ending material in a chemical reaction. | 43 | |
| 5009947552 | dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. | 44 | |
| 5009947553 | hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water | 45 | |
| 5009947554 | catalyst | a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected | 46 | |
| 5009947555 | enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing (a biological catalyst) | 47 | |
| 5009947556 | activation energy | Energy needed to get a reaction started | 48 | |
| 5009947557 | substrate | A substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction. | 49 | |
| 5009947558 | active site | The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate | 50 |
