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| 10572423086 | Activation Energy | The energy needed to start a chemical reaction. | 0 | |
| 10572423089 | Organic Compounds | Compounds that contain mainly the elements carbon and hydrogen. Ex. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and Nucleic Acids. | 1 | |
| 10572423100 | Carbohydrate | Ratio - 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen Provide energy and structural support. Is broken down (cell respiration), release energy (ATP) & cells use energy for growth, repair & reproduction. Source - Sugars and Starches | 2 | |
| 10572423101 | Monosaccharide | Simple sugars. Types - glucose, fructose, and galactose. Source- Fruit, vegetables, and honey. | 3 | |
| 10572423102 | Disaccharide | 2 Monosaccharides. Ex. Sucrose, maltose, and lactose. | 4 | |
| 10572423103 | Polysaccharide | 3 Monosaccharides. Ex. Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen. | 5 | |
| 10572423104 | Dehydration Synthesis | When water is taken out to form a bond to create a polymer. |  | 6 |
| 10572423105 | Hydrolysis | When water is added to a macromolecule to separate it. |  | 7 |
| 10572423106 | Lipids | Made of carbon, hydrogen, and a little bit of oxygen. Sources are meat, butter, nuts, cheese, fats, oils, fish. Three types - Triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Functions a) insulation & protects organs b) membranes c) source of energy (2x that of carbs) d) helps body absorb vitamins e) supplies essential fatty acids | 8 | |
| 10572423107 | Triglycerides | It is saturated and unsaturated fat. 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids Saturated The maximum amount of hydrogen. Single Bonds. Solid at room temp. Unsaturated Double Bonds. Liquid at room temp. | 9 | |
| 10572423108 | Cholesterol | important for nerve tissue lipid cell membrane used to make steroids | 10 | |
| 10572423109 | Phospholipids | Makes up cell membranes. Consists of one glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and 1 phosphate. | 11 | |
| 10572423110 | Protein | The most common organic molecule. Sources -meat, fish, poultry, milk, eggs, nuts & beans Functions supply material to make new body parts for growth and repair a) skin, bones, tendons, hair, muscle b) cell energy when carbs & fats gone c) hormones (messengers) d) enzymes | 12 | |
| 10572423111 | Amino Acids | About 20 different ones. Essential ones must be ingested and vice versa. Form the basic structure of proteins. Monomers of proteins. |  | 13 |
| 10572423112 | enzyme-substrate complex | It fits only certain substrates. Enzymes are specific to the substrate they break down or build up. | 14 | |
| 10572423113 | Nucleotide | Join together to make DNA & RNA. Made of: *5 carbon sugar unit (ribose or deoxyribose) *phosphate group *nitrogen base - adenine, guanine, cytosine or thymine (uracil in RNA) |  | 15 |
| 10572423114 | DNA Structure | I) Structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) A) Nucleotides - units that make up DNA 1) Phosphate Group is the side of the ladder 2) Deoxyribose Group 3) Nitrogen-containing base - rungs of the ladder | 16 | |
| 10572423117 | Function of DNA | A) Genes - (sections of DNA) Carry the instructions for the formation of all the proteins that make up and control your body. Ex: pigments for color, enzymes, organelles, neurotransmitters Genes are divided into 3 nucleotide groups called triplet codons that determine the sequence of amino acids for each protein B) DNA is replicated so you can make new cells and pass genetic information to offspring. | 17 | |
| 10572423118 | Carboxyl Group | A group found in amino acids. It is slightly acidic and frequently ionizes. |  | 18 |
| 10572423121 | Catalyst | Lowers the amount of activation energy necessary for a chemical reaction. | 19 | |
| 10572423122 | Denaturation | A change in the structure and function of a protein | 20 | |
| 10572423123 | Monomers | Form Polymers when combined through dehydration synthesis. Ex.Carbohydrates - monosaccharides. Lipids - glycerol and fatty acids. Nucleic acids - nucleotides. Proteins - amino acids. | 21 | |
| 10572423124 | Polymers | Formed by the combination of monomers. Ex.Proteins. Carbohydrates. DNA. RNA. Lipids. Nucleic acids. Peptides. Polysaccharides | 22 | |
| 10572461062 | Can cause an enzyme to not work correctly | the wrong pH or wrong temperature | 23 | |
| 10572466204 | This lowers the activation energy, which speeds up the rate of reactions | Enzyme purpose | 24 |
