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| 13464376976 | Carbohydrate functions | Energy source and storage Structure of cell walls and exoskeleton Informational molecules in cell-cell signaling | 0 | |
| 13464383086 | Enantiomers | Stereoisomers that are mirror images | 1 | |
| 13464385631 | Diastereomers | Stereoisomers that are not mirror images | 2 | |
| 13464387800 | Anomers | Stereoisomers and diastereomers that differ in configuration around anomeric C | 3 | |
| 13464403318 | Epimers | Diastereomers w/ only 1 different stereocenter | 4 | |
| 13464405782 | Glycosidic Bond | 2 sugar molecules joined between anomeric carbon & hydroxl carbon | 5 | |
| 13464409439 | Reducing vs. Non-Reducing | Reducing: - free anomeric carbon - hemiacetal Non-Reducing: - glycosidic bond between 2 anomeric carbons | 6 | |
| 13464523985 | Common Sugars | Ribose Glucose Galactose Mannose Fructose | 7 | |
| 13464525879 | Ribose | Standard 5-C sugar | 8 | |
| 13464527907 | Glucose | Standard 6-C sugar | 9 | |
| 13464530080 | Galactose | C-4 epimer of glucose | 10 | |
| 13464534813 | Mannose | C-2 epimer of glucose | 11 | |
| 13464677616 | Fructose | Keto form of glucose | 12 | |
| 13464680712 | Hemiacetal vs Hemiketal | Hemiacetal - aldehyde attacked by alcohols Hemiketal - ketones attacked by alcohols | 13 | |
| 13464712943 | Cyclization of Monosaccharides | Hemiacetal formed by nucleophilic alcohol attacking electrophilic carbonyl carbon (reduced to OH) -> forms ring structure | 14 | |
| 13464756337 | Common Disaccharides | Lactose: Glucose + Galactose Sucrose: Glucose + Fructose | 15 | |
| 13464803090 | Polysaccharides | Glycogen Starch Cellulose Chitin | 16 | |
| 13464805588 | Glycogen | Branched Main storage polysaccharide in animals | 17 | |
| 13464807442 | Starch | Unbranched Main storage polysaccharide in plants | 18 | |
| 13464810552 | Cellulose | Tough and water insoluble Most abundant in nature | 19 | |
| 13464813119 | Chitin | Hard, insoluble, not digested. By vertebrates Found in cell walls in mushrooms and exoskeletons of insects, spiders, crabs, and other arthropods | 20 | |
| 13464869368 | Glycoconjugates | Glycoproteins Glycolipids Glycosaminoglycans Proteoglycans | 21 | |
| 13464873512 | Glycoproteins | Protein + small oligosaccharides Commonly connect w/ Ser, Thr, and Asn | 22 | |
| 13464875455 | Glycolipids | Lipids + oligosaccharides Can serve as endotoxin (promote sepsis) | 23 | |
| 13465007949 | Glycosaminoglycans | Linear, repeating disaccharide units Forms mesh work w/ fibrous proteins to form ECM | 24 | |
| 13465010694 | Proteoglycans | Sulfated glucosaminoglycans on protein in cell membrane Syndecans and glypicans | 25 | |
| 13465015550 | Syndecans | Protein w/ single transmembrane domain | 26 | |
| 13465016681 | Glypicans | protein is anchored to a lipid membrane | 27 | |
| 13465019134 | Proteoglycans Aggregates | Hold 1000x water and provide lubircation Cover joint surfaces (reduce friction and balance loads | 28 | |
| 13465027448 | ECM Components | Proteoglycans aggregates Collagen fibers Elastin | 29 | |
| 13465035126 | Glycation | Non-enzymatic covalent linking of a sugar to another macromolecule | 30 |
