This flashcard set includes the vocabulary words and definitions from Chp 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance (Biology 8E by Campbell et al, 2008).
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| 62420837 | chromosome theory of inheritance | a basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns | |
| 62420838 | wild type | an individual with the phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the phenotype itself | |
| 62420839 | sex linked gene | a gene located on the X or Y chromosome, resulting in a distinctive pattern of inheritance | |
| 62420840 | Duchenne muscular dystrophy | a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele and characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue | |
| 62420841 | hemophilia | a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood-clotting proteins and characterized by excessive bleeding following injury | |
| 62420842 | Barr body | a dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome | |
| 62420843 | linked genes | these are located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together | |
| 62420844 | genetic recombination | general term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent | |
| 62420845 | parental type | an offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes; also refers to the phenotype itself | |
| 62420846 | recombinant type | an offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the parents; also refers to the phenotype itself | |
| 62420847 | crossing over | the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis | |
| 62420848 | genetic map | an ordered list of genetic loci along a chromosome | |
| 62420849 | linkage map | this is based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes | |
| 62420850 | map unit | a measurement of the distance between two genes, equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency | |
| 62420851 | cytogenetic map | a chart of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope | |
| 62420852 | nondisjunction | an error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other | |
| 62420853 | aneuploidy | a chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number | |
| 62420854 | monosomic | refers to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two | |
| 62420855 | trisomic | refers to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two | |
| 62420856 | polyploidy | a chromosomal alteration, due to an accident of cell division, in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets | |
| 62420857 | deletion | a deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage | |
| 62420858 | duplication | an aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is repeated | |
| 62420859 | inversion | an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated | |
| 62420860 | translocation | an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome | |
| 62420861 | Down syndrome | a human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 and characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects | |
| 62420862 | genomic imprinting | a phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent |
