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| 1004479011 | What was Charles Sherrington known for? | He coined the term synapse to describe the specialized gap that existed between neurons. | 1 | |
| 1004479012 | Excitatory Post synaptic potential (EPSP) | A grade depolarization. It results from a flow of sodium ions to the neuron. | 2 | |
| 1004479013 | Reflex Arc | The circuit from sensory neurons. | 3 | |
| 1004479014 | Synapse | A specialized gap between neurons. | 4 | |
| 1004479015 | Reflexes | Automatic muscle responses to stimuli. | 5 | |
| 1004479016 | Temporal Summation | summation over time | 6 | |
| 1004479017 | Presynaptic neuron | The neuron that delivers transmission. | 7 | |
| 1004479018 | postsynaptic neuron | the neuron that receives transmission. | 8 | |
| 1004479019 | Spatial summation | summation over space | 9 | |
| 1004479020 | IPSP | Hyperpolarization of a membrane. When synaptic input selectively opens the gates for potassium ions to leave the cell, or for chloride ions to enter the cell. | 10 | |
| 1004479021 | Spontaneous firing rate | a periodic production of action potential even without synaptic input. | 11 | |
| 1004479022 | neurotransmitters | neuron released chemicals that affect another neuron. | 12 | |
| 1004479023 | Catecholamines | compound made of epinephrine, norepinephrin, & dopamine, because they contain a catchol group and an amino group. | 13 | |
| 1004479024 | vessicles | tiny spherical packets. | 14 | |
| 1004479025 | monoamine oxidase (MAO) | an enzyme contained in neurons norepinephrine, dopamine & seratonin. | 15 | |
| 1004479026 | G protein | a protein coupled to guanosine triphosphate. | 16 | |
| 1004479027 | second messenger | communicator to many areas within the cell. | 17 | |
| 1004479028 | neuromodulators | what researchers call neuropeptides because they have several properties that set them apart from other transmitters. | 18 | |
| 1004479029 | neurogliaform cell | a kind of neuron that is shaped more like a glia cell that releases huge amounts of GABA all at once. | 19 | |
| 1004479030 | hormones | a chemical that is secreted be cells into part of the body and conveyed by the blood to influence other cells. | 20 | |
| 1004479031 | Endocrine glands | hormone producing glands | 21 | |
| 1004479032 | protein hormones & peptide hormones | composed of chains of amino acids | 22 | |
| 1004479033 | pituitary glands | consists of two important glands. Anterior and posterior pituitary | 23 | |
| 1004479034 | posterior pituitary | an extension of the hypothalamus | 24 | |
| 1004479035 | anterior pituitary | synthesizes six hormones | 25 | |
| 1004479036 | oxcytocin and vasopressin | hormones released through posterior pituitary | 26 | |
| 1004479037 | releasing hormones | flow through the blood to the anterior pituitary | 27 | |
| 1004479038 | acetylcholonesterase | enxyme that breaks down a receptor activated by acetylcholine | 28 | |
| 1004479039 | reuptake | the presynaptic neuron takes up most of the released neurotransmitter molecules intake and reuse them | 29 | |
| 1004479040 | transporters | membrane proteins used by reuptake. | 30 | |
| 1004479041 | autoreceptors | receptors that respond to the released transmitter by inhibiting further synthesis and release. | 31 | |
| 1004479042 | gap junction | at a electrical synapse the membrane of one neuron comes into direct contact with the membrane of another. | 32 | |
| 1004479043 | efficacy | is a drugs tendency to activate the receptor. | 33 | |
| 1004479044 | nucleus accumbers | central to reinforcing experiences of all types | 34 | |
| 1004479045 | stimulant drugs | increase excitement, alertness, and activity while lifting the mood and decreasing fatigue. Amphetamines and Cocaine | 35 | |
| 1004479046 | Cociane | stimulates dopamine synapses. | 36 | |
| 1004479047 | Methylphenidate (ritalin) | stimulant drug, blocks dopamine. | 37 | |
| 1004479048 | nicotine | stimulates acetylcholine receptors aka nicotine receptors. | 38 | |
| 1004479049 | oppiates | opium poopy | 39 | |
| 1004479050 | tetrahydrocannabinal (THC) | found in marijuana leaves | 40 | |
| 1004479051 | hallucinogenic drugs | distort perception | 41 | |
| 1004479052 | alcoholism | habitual used of alcohol | 42 | |
| 1004479053 | type1/type A alcoholism | gradual problems, develops after 25 | 43 | |
| 1004479054 | type2/typeB alcoholism | more rapid onset of problems, develops before 25 | 44 | |
| 1004479055 | withdrawal | the effects of drug cessation | 45 | |
| 1004479056 | antabuse | antagonizes the effects of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase by binding to its copper ion, | 46 | |
| 1004479057 | methadone | an alternate to opiates | 47 | |
| 1004800848 | neuroanatomy | The anatomy of the nervous system | 48 | |
| 1004800849 | central nervous system | Brain and spinal cord | 49 | |
| 1004800850 | peripheral nervous system | A division of the nervous system consisting of all nerves that are not part of the brain or spinal cord. Connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. | 50 | |
| 1004800851 | somatic nervous system | The axons conveying messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles. | 51 | |
| 1004800852 | autonomic nervous system | controls the heart, intestines, and other organs | 52 | |
| 1004800853 | Bell-magendie-law | the concept that the entering dorsal roots carry sensory into and the exiting ventral roots carry motor information. | 53 | |
| 1004800854 | dorsal root ganglia | clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord. | 54 | |
| 1004800855 | gray matter | the fluid in the center of the cord. | 55 | |
| 1004800856 | white matter | consists of myelinated axons | 56 | |
| 1004800857 | sympathetic nervous system | a network of nerves that prepare the organs for vigorous activity. | 57 | |
| 1004800858 | parasympathetic nervous system | facilitates vegetative nonemergency response | 58 | |
| 1004800859 | hind brain | the posterior part of the brain. | 59 | |
| 1004800860 | medulla | enlarged extension of the spinal cord onto the skull | 60 | |
| 1004800861 | cranial nerves | control sensation from the head down. | 61 | |
| 1004800862 | pons | "bridge" allow axons to cross the brain to other neurons in the opposite hemispheres. | 62 | |
| 1004800863 | Rephe system | sends axons to much of the forebrain, modifying the brains readiness to respond to stimuli | 63 | |
| 1004800864 | cerebellum | a large hind brain structure with many deep folds | 64 | |
| 1004800865 | midbrain | the middle if the brain, dwarfed in adult mammals | 65 | |
| 1004800866 | tectum | the roof of the midbrain | 66 | |
| 1004800867 | tegmentum | lies under the tectum, is the intermediate level of the midbrain. it covers several midbrain structures. | 67 | |
| 1004800868 | substantia nigra | gives rise to a dopamine-containing pathway that facilitates readiness for movement. | 68 | |
| 1004800869 | forebrain | most prominent, two hemispheres. | 69 | |
| 1004800870 | limbic system | interlinked structure around the brainstem | 70 | |
| 1004800871 | thalamus | pair of structures, left and right, in the center of the forebrain | 71 | |
| 1004800872 | Hypothalamus | small area near the base of the brain. | 72 | |
| 1004800873 | pituitary gland | an endocrine gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus | 73 | |
| 1004800874 | Basal ganglia | a group of subcortical structures lateral to the thalamus, includes 3 major structures. | 74 | |
| 1004800875 | nucleus basalis | which receives input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to wide spread areas in the cerebral cortex. | 75 | |
| 1004800876 | hippocampus | is a large structure between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. | 76 | |
| 1004800877 | central canal | fluid filled channel in center of the spinal cord | 77 | |
| 1004800878 | ventricles | four fluid filled cavities with the brain | 78 | |
| 1004800879 | cerebrospinal fluid | a clear fluid similar to blood plasma fills the ventricles. | 79 | |
| 1004800880 | meninges | membranes that surround the brain the spinal cord. | 80 | |
| 1004800881 | cerebral cortex | the cellular layers on the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres. | 81 | |
| 1004800882 | corpus callosum & Anterior commissure | 2 bundles of axons that help neurons communicate with other neurons in the other hemisphere. | 82 | |
| 1004800883 | laminae | layers of cell bodies that are parallel to the surface of the cortex and separated from each other by layers of fibers. | 83 | |
| 1004800884 | occipital lobe | the posterior end of cortex | 84 | |
| 1004800885 | parietal lobe | lied between the occipital lobe and the central sulous | 85 | |
| 1004800886 | central sulous | 1 of the deepest grooves in the surface if the cortex. | 86 | |
| 1004800887 | postcentral gyrus | posterior to the central gyrus. receives sensations from tough receptors, muscle-stretch receptors and joints. | 87 | |
| 1004800888 | temporal lobe | lateral portion of each hemisphere. it is the primary cortical target for auditory information. | 88 | |
| 1004800889 | Kluver-Bucy syndrome | a set of behaviors that result from temporal lobe damage. | 89 | |
| 1004800890 | frontal lobe | contains the primary motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex. | 90 | |
| 1004800891 | precentral gyrus | is specialized for the control of fine movements | 91 | |
| 1004800892 | prefrontal cortex | most anterior portion of the frontal lobe | 92 | |
| 1004800893 | Binding problem | how various brain areas produce a perception of a single object. | 93 | |
| 1004800894 | ablation | removal of a brain area | 94 | |
| 1004800895 | lesion | damage | 95 | |
| 1004800896 | stereotaxic instrument | a devise for the precise placement of electrodes in the brain. | 96 | |
| 1004800897 | transranial magnetic stimulation | the application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp, temporarily inactivates neurons below the magnet. | 97 | |
| 1004800898 | EEG - Electroencephalograph | records electrical activity of the brain through electrodes. | 98 | |
| 1004800899 | Evoked potentials / responses | recordings of spontaneous brain activity or activity in response to a stimulus. | 99 | |
| 1004800900 | magnetoen cephalograph (MEG) | measures the faint magnetic fields generate by brain activity. | 100 | |
| 1004800901 | position-emission tomography (PET) | Provides a high-resolution image of activity in a living brain by recording the emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals. | 101 | |
| 1004800902 | Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) | modified MRI based on Hemoglobin instead of water. | 102 | |
| 1004800903 | phrenology | relating skull anatomy to behavior | 103 | |
| 1004800904 | computerized axial tomography (CAT scan) | a method of examining body organs by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis. By injecting dye into the blood. | 104 | |
| 1004800905 | magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | applies a powerful magnetic field to align all the axes of rotation and then tilts them with a brief radio frequency field. | 105 |
