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| 5066069731 | What is a pedigree? | the orderly presentation of family information in the form of an easily readable chart. | 0 | |
| 5066090528 | In the autosomal recessive inheritance, the risk of an affected child from two heterozygotes is? | 25% | 1 | |
| 5066114568 | Which of the following statements of autosomal recessive inheritance is incorrect? A) For rare traits, mot affected people have unaffected parents B) Every child from two affected parents is affected C) Male and female are affected in roughly equal numbers D) Includes cystic fibrosis, phenylktonuria, sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, Huntington's Disease | D) Huntington's disease is inherited in a dominant manner unlike the other diseases | 2 | |
| 5066270050 | Which of the following statements of autosomal recessive inheritance is incorrect? A) Every affected person must have at least one affected parent unless the gene has a high mutation rate B) The likelihood of a child between a heterozygous mother and a homozygous recessive husband is 50% C) The number of affected males and females are roughly equal D) includes Huntington' disease, neurofibromatosis, marfan syndrome, achondroplasia, sickle cell anemia | D) Sickle Cell Anemia | 3 | |
| 5066294777 | Which of the following statements of polygenic traits is incorrect? A) involves more than two genes B) multiple genes contribute partially toward the phenotype C) usually shows very few, very distinct phenotypes, such as either round or wrinkled shape D) many common human diseases with hereditary components follow this type of inheritance pattern | C) usually shows very few, very distinct phenotypes, such as either round or wrinkled shape | 4 | |
| 5066313563 | True or False? Polygenic traits show a continuum of phenotypic variation because contributing genes are physically blended during meiosis. | False | 5 | |
| 5066336343 | True or False? Polygenic traits show a continuum of the phenotype variation because the alleles are not inherited discretely and blended into one molecule during gamete formation | False | 6 | |
| 5066340202 | True or False? Multi factorial traits show diverse phenotype partly because of different environmental effects on the individuals, in addition to their gentic variations | True | 7 | |
| 5129691236 | What is the name of the vitamin that can significantly reduce the risk of spina bifida in developing fetus when taken by women even before they come pregnant and during the early phase of pregnancy? | Folic Acid | 8 | |
| 5129692415 | Which of the following statements of Flynn Effect on human intelligence is incorrect? A) Flynn effect shows that IQ score for any given group of people have been continuously rising over the several decades B) Flynn effect can be readily explained by the genuine biological/genetic changes of humans C) The observed IQ score increase over the span of just a few decades cannot be explained by the genetic changes occurring in human gene pools during that time | B) Flynn effect can be readily explained by the genuine biological/genetic changes of humans | 9 | |
| 5129743825 | True or False? We can compare peoples genomic DNA and collect all the genetic variations between different individuals. When we classify people based on such genetic variations, the resulting DNA-based human groups closely follow the grouping made by racial profiles | False | 10 | |
| 5129824911 | There are few genes whose allele distributions are clearly correlated with racial profiles. Even so, today's science clearly claims that out conventional concept of races is biologically meaning less. How are these seemingly contradictory statements both valid? | In humans, the amount of genetic variation within population is FAR greater than the variation between populations. Scientifically speaking, classifying human beings based on skin color is meaningless as classifying human beings into several races based on the length of earlobe, even though both are genetically determined. They are only meaningful in socio-political, economic and historical context | 11 | |
| 5129847325 | What is the name of a chemical, the amount of which the skin gives the different skin tones we find in whites, Asians, and blacks? | Melanin | 12 | |
| 5129872580 | True or False? In science, the word "theory" as in "germ theory of infectious disease" or "theory of gravity" strongly indicated these ideas are not verified and remain as only hypotheses | False | 13 | |
| 5129888736 | Which is correct? A) Even a thoroughly-established scientific theory can be replaced by another scientific theory if the new theory has more explanatory power and more accurate experimental confirmation B) Even a thoroughly-established scientific theory can be replaced by another scientific theory if the new theory is in agreement with what is described in a holy script. C)Even a thoroughly-established scientific theory can be replaced by another scientific theory if the new theory is favored by the majority of people in a democratic voting. | A) Even a thoroughly-established scientific theory can be replaced by a other scientific theory if the new theory has more explanatory power and more accurate experimental confirmation | 14 | |
| 5130010645 | In the class, Dr. Lee showed a slide with human earlobe shapes: the size and shape of the earlobe is determined by genetic factors, similar to human skin colors. What was the important point of the slide that Dr. Lee made? A) South Koreans believe weird superstitions that the big earlobe brings good fortune and personality. B)Since earlobe shape is actually determined by genetics, the commonly held view is that the earlobe shape determines a person's personality and fortune must be scientifically correct C) Just like earlobe shape, human skin color is also determined largely by genetic factors. Thus, the view that a certain race is intellectually superior must also be scientifically/biologically true. D) To point out the absurdity to divide/group humans based on certain arbitrary criteria such as earlobe shape or skin color, even though they are both genetically determined | D) To point out the absurdity to divide/group humans based on certain arbitrary criteria such as earlobe shape or skin color, even though they are both genetically determined | 15 | |
| 5130026944 | True or False? In view of today's increasing awareness of the concept of the gene, a GENE is a stretch of DNA that ALWAYS encodes protiens | False | 16 | |
| 5130028868 | True or False? All genes contain information to make protiens | False | 17 | |
| 5130030406 | What is the proportion of protein-coding genes in the human genome? | 1.5% | 18 | |
| 5130035667 | True or False? About 98.5% of the human genome, which does not encode proteins, cannot have any biologically significant functions. | False | 19 | |
| 5130039236 | According to the "central dogma" of molecular biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow | DNA, RNA, Protein | 20 | |
| 5130047078 | What is the term that describes the process by which DNA sequence information is used to generate RNA? | Transcription | 21 | |
| 5130050092 | What is the term that describes the process by which mRNA sequence information is used to generate protein? | Translation | 22 | |
| 5130052908 | Write the DNA sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand: 5' C G G C T A T 3' | 3' G C C G A T A 5' | 23 | |
| 5130057541 | What is the term that describes the source of all genetic variation in living things? | Mutation | 24 | |
| 5130080975 | What is the term that describes the process wherby genomic DNA is duplicated before cell division? | DNA Replication | 25 | |
| 5130083800 | True or False? Mutations can occur spontaneously due to errors in DNA replication | True | 26 | |
| 5130095237 | True or False? Mutations can be induced by exposure to radition or certain chemicals | True | 27 | |
| 5130096657 | True or False? All genes have the identical mutation rates | False | 28 | |
| 5130110057 | What is a nucleotide substitution mutation? | A mutation that exchanges one base for another | 29 | |
| 5130125524 | What is a frame shift mutation? | Due to nucleotide insertion or deletion | 30 | |
| 5130169364 | True or False? Frame shift mutations in frequently result in prematurely terminated proteins with compromised function? | True | 31 | |
| 5130176573 | True or False? Rates of DNA damage in a mammalian cells is quite high, yet we do not suffer dire consequences due to a very efficient DNA repair process of the cell. | True | 32 | |
| 5130178494 | True or False? Mutations in somatic cells are not inherited, and therefor, do not cause any harm | False | 33 | |
| 5130225909 | We studied Xeroderma pigmentosum and how dangerous it is for the people with XP to be exposed to direct sunlight. What is the genetic cause of this disorder? A) inherited mutation on the DNA replication gene B) inherited mutation on the DNA repair gene C) inherited mutation on the RNA polymerase gene D) inherited mutation on the RNA splicing gene | B) inherited mutation on the DNA repair gene | 34 | |
| 5130229996 | True or False? Irradiated food will cause radioactive contamination to the person eating the food. | False | 35 | |
| 5130229997 | True or False? Food irradiation eliminates the toxin that was already made by bacteria on the contaminated food before the irradiation. | False | 36 | |
| 5130235786 | True or False? Food irradiation has repeatedly been shown to cause health hazard in people who consumed, and hense, the number of countries that allow this process is rapidly diminishing | False | 37 | |
| 5130238400 | True or False? The type of food that was allowed for irradiation by the U.S. government is limited to dry seasoning only | False | 38 | |
| 5130240319 | True or False? Standard method of food irradiation completely eliminates any bacteria in food. | False | 39 | |
| 5130243702 | True or False? Any food that is labeled "natural" is inherently better for consumes health. | False | 40 | |
| 5130263512 | Exons on a human mRNA are fused together, leaving introns out. What is the term for this process? | Splicing | 41 | |
| 5130267077 | True or False? Huntington's Disease is an autosomal dominant trait and is causes=d by the point (substitution) mutation that happen to take place in the Huntington gene | False | 42 | |
| 5130284954 | What is the mechanism by which alternative protein products can be produced from a single gene, due to differential fusion of exons on the RNA level? | Alternative splicing | 43 | |
| 5130287299 | What is the term that describes the technology to generate hybrid DNA, the artificially created DNA by combining different pieces of DNA fragments together? | Recombinat DNA technology | 44 | |
| 5130307476 | What are the enzymes called that recognize specific stretch of double stranded DNA sequences and cleave the DNA within that region? | Restriction enzymes | 45 | |
| 5130311152 | True or False? Genetically modified crops are in rapid decline due to clearly demonstrated harms on human wellbeing an environmental devastation | False | 46 | |
| 5130311153 | True or False? When we evaluate new biotechnologies, we must first ask whether the technology is natural, as natural means safer. | False | 47 | |
| 5130338795 | True or False? The main reason why the genetically modified salmon developed by AquaBounty Technology has not been approved to be sold in the American market is because the fish was consecutively shown to cause cancers and severe allergy in the humans who consumed | False | 48 | |
| 5130338796 | True or False? According to the US National Academies of Sciences and UK Royal Society of Medicine, genetically modified foods have been eaten by millions of people worldwide for over 15 years, with no reports of ill effects. | True | 49 | |
| 5130362753 | In class, Dr. Lee emphasized that the mere presence of even potentially dangerous chemicals cannot be the reason for a complete ban of the product that contains such chemicals. Why did he say that? A) because, as a scientist, he is biased to favor anything from science B) because he is financially supported by chemical industry C) because most food contain such chemicals and we need to understand how much of such chemicals are present in food to correctly assess health risk, rather than whether such chemicals exist | C) because most food contain such chemicals and we need to understand how much of such chemicals are present in food to correctly assess health risk, rather than whether such chemicals exist. | 50 | |
| 5130366384 | True or False? Selective breeding to generate new plants also utilize the modifiation of the genes | True | 51 | |
| 5130366385 | True or False? Any food containing an even small amount of GM food must be clearly labeled by law in the US | False | 52 | |
| 5130368717 | Describe the general steps of Recombinant DNA cloning | 1. cutting out desire portion of DNA using restriction enzymes 2. insertion and ligation of the cut fragment into a circular DNA molecule called vector 3. introduction of the vector containing the desired fragment, the recombinant DNA, into bacteria 4. growing bacteria to amplify the number of vector containing the bacteria 5. extraction of the vector with the fragment | 53 | |
| 5131918898 | Define gene therapy | treatment of disorder by introducing genes into an individual's cells | 54 | |
| 5132023499 | What is the term that describes an agent such as modified virus to carry genes into another cell/organism? | vector | 55 | |
| 5132041184 | True or False? In the first human gene therapy, a retrovirus vector was used too deliver a functional gene to an indian girl who was suffering from severe SIDS in 1990 | True | 56 | |
| 5132054440 | True or False? Compared with old viral vectors, new generation gene therapy vectors provide significant benefits such as low random genomic integration, capability of gene transfer to even non-dividing cells like neurons | True | 57 | |
| 5132079315 | True or False? More than 10 years of setbacks of gene therapy trials eventually brought moratorium to the whole field of gene therapy, and as such, gene therapy has become only an intellectual curiosity. | False | 58 | |
| 5132090213 | True or False? Today, human gene therapy is strictly monitored and throuoghly reviewed not only by scientists and physicians, activity groups but also government agencies | True | 59 | |
| 5132102225 | True or False? Compared with germ-line therapy, newly introduced genes by somatic gene therapy will be transferred to next generations and hence generates ethical problems as members of future generations will be affected without their consent. | False | 60 | |
| 5132118317 | In the story of David Vetter, what was the nature of the genetic condition that he was born with? A) Down Syndrome B) Huntington's Disease C) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SIDS) D) AIDS | C) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SIDS) | 61 | |
| 5132133940 | What was the cause of David Vetter's Death A) Cancer caused by Epstein-Barr virus present in the donated blood marrow from his sister B) Severe mental depression from a long period of physical isolation C) A gunshot wound D) Drowning in the pool | A) Cancer caused by Epstein-Barr virus present in the donated blood marrow from his sister | 62 | |
| 5132147964 | What was the technological reason that Dr. Lee mentioned that makes gene therapies practically very improbable, at least in the foreseeable future? A) Too expensive B) Such traits that we are interested in tend to be polygenic in nature, which makes it very hard to precisely control the phenotypes from multiple genetic manipulation C) Such traits do not have any casual relations with genetics | B) Such traits that we are interested in tend to be polyenic in nature, which makes it very hard to precisely control the phenotypes from multiple genetic manipulation. | 63 | |
| 5132171431 | True or False? Today, human gene therapy is conducted only on the volunteers in the US | True | 64 | |
| 5132183565 | What is the simple yet cogent definition of biological evolution, coined by Charles Darwin A) Decent with modification B) Survival of the fittest C) artificial selection D) Random mutation | A) Decent with modification | 65 | |
| 5132197868 | According to the Darwinism theory of evolution, which one is correct? A) Man has evolved from monkeys B) Evolution is only a theory, which has not been experimentally confirmed C) Although microevolution has been verified, macroevolution has not been verified. D) Natural selection is one of the main mechanisms of the origin of diverse species | D) Natural selection is one of the main mechanisms of the origins of diverse species | 66 | |
| 5132205676 | According to the Darwinian theory of evolution, what are the two most significant flaws of Hoyle's argument | 1. Natural selection, the mechanism of origin species, is not random 2. Darwinian theory of evolution does not claim the acquisition of complex traits within a single generation | 67 | |
| 5132245517 | True or False? According to the Darwinian theory of evolution, man has evolved from monkeys | False | 68 | |
| 5132254754 | True or False? According to the Darwinian theory of evolution, the process of natural selection is random in its nature | False | 69 | |
| 5132261562 | What is the actual observed facts about eyes with "imperfect parts" | They still provide visual inputs to them, which is exactly predicted by the theory of evolution | 70 | |
| 5132274742 | According to the theory of evolution, what is the mechanism proposed by Charles Darwin and later experimentally validated, as a main mechanism of the origin of diverse species | Natural selection | 71 |
