Tidewater Community College, Virginia Beach
Biology 101 M. Sugermeyer
Chapters 1 & 2
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| 902166132 | define biology | the study of life greek (bios=life; ology=study of) | 0 | |
| 902166133 | first three levels of organized life in order | proton, neutron, electron | 1 | |
| 902166134 | last level of organized life | biosphere | 2 | |
| 903497278 | List the 5 body conditions affected by the marathon. Also, tell whether the condition increased or decreased. | Weight-decreased Temperature-increased Breathing-increased Heart rate-increased Fuel-decreased | 3 | |
| 903497279 | Maintaining stable conditions in the body is called... | Homeostasis | 4 | |
| 903497280 | Body processes require what type of environment? | Controlled | 5 | |
| 903497281 | The body begins to use fat as fuel after what has occurred? | After blood glucose & stored glycogen are used up. | 6 | |
| 903497282 | Name three ways heat can be removed from the body. | Radiation Convection Evaporation | 7 | |
| 903497283 | Many of the body's chemical reactions cease to function when this occurs. | Core body temp goes too high. | 8 | |
| 903497284 | What do muscles produce as a result of contraction? | Heat | 9 | |
| 903497285 | What gas is needed to keep the muscles working? | Oxygen | 10 | |
| 903497286 | In gas exchange, what goes in? What comes out? | Oxygen goes in. Carbon Dioxide comes out. | 11 | |
| 903497287 | Where does gas exchange take place in the body? | The lungs. | 12 | |
| 903497288 | Early in a race would you expect the blood glucose to raise or drop? | Drop. | 13 | |
| 903497289 | Adrenaline stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into... | Glucose. | 14 | |
| 903497290 | What causes increased heart and breathing rates before a race? | Release of adrenaline | 15 | |
| 903497291 | Most of the weight lost during a marathon is in what form? | Sweat (fluid water) | 16 | |
| 903497292 | Give an example of negative feedback. | Hormone from the brain causing the kidneys to reduce urine production. | 17 | |
| 903497293 | Name the two types of particles in the nucleus of an atom. | Proton Neutron | 18 | |
| 903497294 | Name the particle found outside the nucleus of an atom. | Electron | 19 | |
| 903497295 | Define element. | Something made up of only one type of atom. | 20 | |
| 903497296 | The number of ________ in the nucleus of an atom determine what the atom is. | Protons | 21 | |
| 903497297 | What element has 6 protons | Carbon | 22 | |
| 903497298 | What is the atomic number of Carbon | 6 | 23 | |
| 903497299 | Name the six elements most important to biomolecules. | CHOPNS Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Nitrogen Sulphur | 24 | |
| 903497300 | What is the charge of a proton? | Positive | 25 | |
| 903497301 | What is the charge of an electron? | Negative | 26 | |
| 903497302 | What is the charge of a neutron? | Neutral | 27 | |
| 903497303 | The atomic mass of an element is made up of what two types of particles? | Protons & Neutrons | 28 | |
| 903497304 | Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of __________. | Neutrons | 29 | |
| 903497305 | ________=_________ in an atom. | Electrons; Neutrons | 30 | |
| 903497306 | Define energy levels as it pertains to an atom. | The area in which electrons move around the nucleus. | 31 | |
| 903497307 | Do electrons that are closer to the nucleus have more or less energy? | Less. | 32 | |
| 903497308 | How many electrons can fit into each of the three energy levels? | Level 1=2 Level 2=8 Level 3=18 | 33 | |
| 903497309 | The name for atoms that have filled or satisfied outer energy levels. | Inert or rare gases. | 34 | |
| 903497310 | What type of bonds do atoms without satisfied outer energy levels tend to form? | Molecular. | 35 | |
| 903497311 | The name for a charged atom. | Ion | 36 | |
| 903497312 | Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other and form what type of bond? | Ionic | 37 | |
| 903497313 | Covalent bonds are formed between two atoms that share what? | Electrons | 38 | |
| 903497314 | Three shared pairs of electrons is called a _______ covalent bond. | Triple | 39 | |
| 903497315 | What is the process of atoms sharing or transferring electrons with one another? | Chemical reactions. | 40 | |
| 903497316 | Chemical equations must be _________. | Balanced | 41 | |
| 903497317 | What is the most abundant molecule in living things? | Water | 42 | |
| 903497318 | Water covers what ratio of the Earth? | 3/4 | 43 | |
| 903497319 | What two ions can water molecules disassociate into? | Hydrogen and Hydroxide | 44 | |
| 903497320 | This is used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is and is calibrated from 1-14. | The pH scale | 45 | |
| 903497321 | In what type of solution are the Hydrogen and Hydroxide ions equal? | A neutral solution | 46 | |
| 903497322 | Which type of solutions a a pH LOWER than 7? | Acidic | 47 | |
| 903497323 | A basic solution has a pH ________ than 7. | Higher | 48 | |
| 903497324 | The pH of blood is between _____ & ______. | 7.2; 7.4 | 49 | |
| 903497325 | What atom is essential to biological chemicals? | Carbon | 50 | |
| 903497326 | What type of bond does carbon form with itself and other elements? | Covalent | 51 | |
| 903497327 | This is the type of chemistry devoted to the study of carbon and its compounds. | Organic | 52 | |
| 903497328 | This is the most abundant biomolecule. | Carbohydrates | 53 | |
| 903497329 | What is the name for the most basic carbohydrate? | Glucose | 54 | |
| 903497330 | List the formula for glucose. | C6H12O6 | 55 | |
| 903497331 | Two monosaccharides combine to form one disaccharide in a process known as condensation reaction or _______________. | Dehydration Synthesis | 56 | |
| 903497332 | The process in which polysaccharides are broken apart is called what? | Hydrolysis Reaction | 57 | |
| 903497333 | This is the most common form of hydrolysis. | Digestion | 58 | |
| 903497334 | The main structural carbohydrate of plants is __________. | Cellulose | 59 | |
| 903497335 | The name given the structural carbohydrate that makes up the exoskeleton of crabs, insects, etc. | Chitin | 60 | |
| 903497336 | ___________ are insoluble in water and other polar molecules. | Lipids | 61 | |
| 903497337 | This is the structural basis for most lipids. | Fatty acids | 62 | |
| 903497338 | Saturated fat has what type of covalent bond? | Single | 63 | |
| 903497339 | Fatty acids with double covalent bonds are known as what? | Unsaturated fat | 64 | |
| 903497340 | This type of fatty acid is less reactive and tends to deposit itself in the arteries. | Saturated fat | 65 | |
| 903497341 | _________ contains twice the amount of energy as the same amount of carbohydrates. | Fat | 66 | |
| 903497342 | Plants convert excess of this into oils. | Starch | 67 | |
| 903497343 | Seals can live in cold climates due to _________ acting as insulation. | Lipids | 68 | |
| 903497344 | Our kidneys are protected by a layer of padding made up of what? | Fat | 69 | |
| 903497345 | What type of outer coating protects the outer surface of leaves? | Waxy | 70 | |
| 903497346 | Proteins are made up of this type of acid. | Amino | 71 | |
| 903497347 | How many different types of amino acids are used to build protein in living organisms? | 20 | 72 | |
| 903497348 | This type of bond is responsible for joining amino acids. | Peptide bonds | 73 | |
| 903497349 | A specific shape in a protein allows it to have what? | A specific function | 74 | |
| 903497350 | DNA is what type of acid? | Nucleic | 75 | |
| 903497351 | Define nucleotide. | A single unit of nucleic acid | 76 | |
| 903497352 | How many types of nucleotides are found in DNA? | Four | 77 | |
| 903497353 | DNA is a ________ stranded molecule. | Double | 78 | |
| 903497354 | This is DNA's single stranded counterpart. | RNA | 79 | |
| 903497355 | What replaces thiamine in RNA? | Uracil | 80 | |
| 903497356 | DNA & RNA carry this code. | Genetic | 81 | |
| 904431733 | Organisms must obtain & use _______ & ________ from the environment. | Energy & nutrients | 82 | |
| 904431734 | The ability to do work can also be called this. | Energy | 83 | |
| 904431735 | What is a humans source of energy? | Food | 84 | |
| 904431736 | Where does the energy for most living organisms originate? | The Sun | 85 | |
| 904431737 | This is defined as any substance that promotes growth or provides energy. | Nutrients or Materials | 86 | |
| 904431738 | What is a humans source of nutrients or materials? | Food | 87 | |
| 904431739 | The use of energy in a living organism is called ________. | Metabolism | 88 | |
| 904431740 | Metabolism is also the chemical reactions in cells that build up and break down what? | Molecules | 89 | |
| 904431741 | Name two metabolic processes. | Respiration & Photosynthesis | 90 | |
| 904431742 | Give the common & scientific name for the three trophic levels. | Producers; Autotrophs. Consumers; Heterotrophs. Decomposers; Saprotrophs. | 91 | |
| 904431743 | Producers, or autotrophs, are organisms that produce what? | Their own food. | 92 | |
| 904431744 | The process of producing glucose without light is called what? | Chemosynthesis | 93 | |
| 904431745 | An organism capable of chemosynthesis is called a ___________. | Chemoautotroph | 94 | |
| 904431746 | Give an example of a chemoautotroph and where it might be found. | Bacteria and archea located in deep ocean trenches or in swamps. | 95 | |
| 904431747 | Heterotrophs must acquire what in order to survive? | Food | 96 | |
| 904431748 | List four examples of heterotrophs. | Bacteria, protists, fungi and animals | 97 | |
| 904431749 | Are humans heterotrophs or autotrophs? | Heterotrophs | 98 | |
| 904431750 | Saprotrophs or decomposers consume what? | Dead or decaying organisms. | 99 | |
| 904431751 | __________ are used in the production of beer, wine and cheese. They can also attack humans. | Decomposers | 100 | |
| 904431752 | How do decomposers have an affect on the environment? | The break down biomolecules into small fragments that can be used by an autotroph to build more biomass. | 101 | |
| 904431753 | A series of organisms that are prey and predators is called this. | Food Chain | 102 | |
| 904431754 | _____ _______ can be defined as interlocking food chains in a community. | Food Webs | 103 | |
| 904431755 | Can organisms sense conditions and respond to changes in the environment? | Yes | 104 | |
| 904431756 | Organisms respond to stimuli to perpetuate the species and maintain what? | Their own health. | 105 | |
| 904431757 | Name some of the features of homeostasis and the healthy parameters of these features. | Temperature; 96-99 degrees, blood glucose; 90-110 | 106 | |
| 904431758 | Low water balance is known as this. | Dehydration | 107 | |
| 904431759 | Organisms grow and reproduce based on instructions contained in ___________. | DNA | 108 | |
| 904431760 | Name the two types of reproduction | Asexual and sexual | 109 | |
| 904431761 | Asexual reproduction does not involve what? Why? Give an example of an asexual reproducer. | Gametes. Single parent reproduction. Grass and aphids. | 110 | |
| 904431762 | This type of reproduction involves the fertilization of gametes. Give an example of something that reproduces this way. | Sexual. Plants, animals, fungi, protists | 111 | |
| 904431763 | Growth and development can be defined as a series of ________ __________ by which a mature cell or organism comes into existence. | Orderly changes. | 112 | |
| 904431764 | Mutations are sources of ________ in heritable traits and are typically not good for the organism. | Variations | 113 | |
| 904431765 | Changes in DNA sequences in genes are called this. | Mutations | 114 | |
| 904431766 | Portions of a chromosome that code for a trait are called what? | Genes | 115 | |
| 904431767 | Inheritance is when genes are passed from ________ to _____________. | Parent to offspring. | 116 | |
| 904431768 | Traits that enhance survival are called _______. | Adaptive traits. | 117 | |
| 904431769 | Give an example of an adaptive trait. | Protective coloration | 118 | |
| 904431770 | What is biology's central theme? | Evolution | 119 | |
| 904431771 | Wallace & Darwin believed in evolution through this process. | Natural selection | 120 | |
| 904431772 | Inheritance by acquired characteristics was a theory of this man. | Lamark | 121 | |
| 904431773 | Increased survival and reproduction by the most well adapted individuals is known as __________ _________. | Natural selection | 122 | |
| 904431774 | The cause of diversity was a focus of what century? | The 19th century. | 123 | |
| 904431775 | Artificial selection is the selection of individuals for certain traits by whom? Give an example. | Man. Dog breeds, pest resistant crops | 124 | |
| 904474712 | New properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life. | Emergent properties | 125 | |
| 905179179 | Name four molecules that all organisms are made up of. | Protein, DNA, carbs, fat | 126 | |
| 905246661 | List the sequence of the genetic code | DNA-RNA-protein | 127 | |
| 905246662 | Amino acids linked toegether to form a protein is called what? | Protein synthesis mechanism | 128 | |
| 905246663 | Name a few genes that are similar in organisms that are very different. For example, humans and rabbits | Genes for growing hair, genes for pigmentation, genes for digestion | 129 | |
| 905246664 | Name a homologous structure that is visible evidence for the unity of life. | bones | 130 | |
| 905246665 | Names some behavioral similarities as visible evidence for the the unity of life | Hunting & mating behaviors, caring for the young | 131 | |
| 905246666 | Name a place on Earth where the diversity of life is very evident. | Coral reefs or tropical jungles | 132 | |
| 905246667 | The study of the general principles of scientific classification is know as ____________. | Taxonomy | 133 | |
| 905246668 | How many domains are there in taxonomy? Name them. | 3. Bacteria, Archaea, Eurkaya | 134 | |
| 905246669 | List mnemonic device for classification in taxonomy. | Did King Phillip Call Out For Good Soup Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species | 135 | |
| 905246670 | Control groups test the test and do not include what? | Independent variable | 136 | |
| 905246671 | Experimental groups show the ________ variable. | Dependent | 137 | |
| 905246672 | This variable is the same for all groups. | Control | 138 | |
| 905246673 | A variable that can be manipulated by the researcher is called the what? | Independent variable | 139 | |
| 905246674 | The observed outcome of a test is know as ___________ ___________. | Dependent variable | 140 | |
| 905246675 | Give the name for a testable phenomena supported by large body of experimental evidence or facts. | Theory | 141 | |
| 905246676 | Matter is the physical material of the universe that has _____________ and takes up ____________. | mass and space | 142 | |
| 905246677 | Any substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter is called what? | An element | 143 | |
| 905246678 | How many naturally occurring elements are there? | 92 | 144 | |
| 905246679 | Bulk elements are the six major elements in living organisms. Name these six elements. | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sulfur | 145 | |
| 905246680 | Trace elements present in living organisms as well, only in lesser amounts. Name two trace elements. | Potassium and Sodium (K & Na) | 146 | |
| 905246681 | In reference to the Periodic Table of Elements, the last row on the right is made up of what type of elements? | Inert | 147 | |
| 905246682 | In 1820, John Dalton said that an atom is the smallest particle of an element. This became known as the __________ ____________. | Atomic Theory | 148 |
