University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Instructor - Jeremy Spring
Spring 2014
Molecules of Life
Terms : Hide Images
| 1154770122 | organic | describes a compound that consists primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms | 1 | |
| 1154770123 | condensation | process by which enzymes build large molecules from smaller subunits; water also forms | 2 | |
| 1154770124 | enzyme | compound (usually a protein) that speeds up a reaction without being changed by it | 3 | |
| 1154770125 | functional group | a group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound; imparts a specific chemical property to the molecule | 4 | |
| 1154770126 | hydrocarbon | compound that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms | 5 | |
| 1154770127 | hydrolysis | process by which an enzyme breaks a molecule into smaller subunits by attaching a hydroxyl group to one part and a hydrogen atom to the other | 6 | |
| 1154770128 | metabolism | all the enzyme-mediated chemical reactions by which calls acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules | 7 | |
| 1154770129 | monomers | molecules that are subunits of polymers | 8 | |
| 1154770130 | polymer | molecule that consists of multiple monomers | 9 | |
| 1154770131 | reaction | process of molecular change | 10 | |
| 1154770132 | carbohydrate | molecule that consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio | 11 | |
| 1154770133 | cellulose | polysaccharide; major structural material in plants | 12 | |
| 1154770134 | disaccharide | polymer of two sugar subunits | 13 | |
| 1154770135 | glycogen | polysaccharide; energy reservoir in animal cells | 14 | |
| 1154770136 | monosaccharide | simple sugar; monomer of polysaccharides | 15 | |
| 1154770137 | polysaccharide | polymer of many monosaccharides | 16 | |
| 1154770138 | starch | polysaccharide; energy reservoir in plant cells | 17 | |
| 1154770139 | fat | lipid that consists of a glycerol molecule with one, two, or three fatty acid tails | 18 | |
| 1154770140 | fatty acid | organic compound that consists of a chain of carbon atoms with an acidic carboxyl group at one end. carbon chain of saturated types has single bonds only; that of unsaturated types has one or more double layers | 19 | |
| 1154770141 | lipid | fatty, oily, or waxy organic compound | 20 | |
| 1154770142 | lipid bilayer | double layer of lipids arranged tail-to-tail; structural foundation of all cell membranes | 21 | |
| 1154770143 | phospholipid | a lipid with a phosphate group in its hydrophilic head, and two nonpolar fatty acid tails; main constituent of eukaryotic cell membranes | 22 | |
| 1154770144 | saturated fatty acid | fatty acid that contains no carbon-carbon double bonds | 23 | |
| 1154770145 | steroid | type of lipid with four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails | 24 | |
| 1154770146 | triglyceride | a fat with three fatty acid tails | 25 | |
| 1154770147 | unsaturated fatty acid | fatty acid that has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in its tail | 26 | |
| 1154770148 | wax | water-repellent mixture of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings | 27 | |
| 1154770149 | amino acid | small organic compound that is a subunit of proteins. consists of a carboxyl group, an amine group, and a characteristic side group (R), all typically bonded to the same carbon atom | 28 | |
| 1154770150 | peptide bond | a bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. joins amino acids in proteins | 29 | |
| 1154770151 | polypeptide | chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds | 30 | |
| 1154770152 | protein | organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids (polypeptides) | 31 | |
| 1154770153 | denature | to unravel the shape of a biological molecule | 32 | |
| 1154770154 | prion | infectious protein | 33 | |
| 1154770155 | ATP | adenosine triphosphate. nucleotide that consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups | 34 | |
| 1154770156 | DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid. nucleic acid that carries hereditary information about traits; consists of two nucleotide chains twisted in a double helix | 35 | |
| 1154770157 | nucleic acid | single- or double-stranded chain of nucleotides joined by sugar-phosphate bonds; for example, DNA, RNA | 36 | |
| 1154770158 | nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids; has a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and phosphate groups | 37 | |
| 1154770159 | RNA | ribonucleic acid. some types have roles in protein synthesis | 38 |
