Prentice Hall Biology 1 — Chapter 12 Review for test — DNA & RNA
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| 703514087 | transformation | process in which one strain of bacteria changes into another one | |
| 703514088 | bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria | |
| 703514089 | histone | protein that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic chromosomes | |
| 703514090 | replication | process in which DNA makes a copy of itself | |
| 703514091 | DNA polymerase | the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication | |
| 703514092 | promoter | region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA | |
| 703514093 | introns | sections of RNA molecules that are not involved in coding for proteins | |
| 703514094 | codon | three nucleotides that specify a single amino acid to be added to a polypeptide | |
| 703514095 | mutation | a change in the genetic material | |
| 703514096 | polyploidy | condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes | |
| 703514097 | operon | a group of genes that operate together | |
| 703514098 | differentiation | process in which cells become specialized in structure and function | |
| 703570409 | A ____________ is made up of three parts: a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. | nucleotide | |
| 703570410 | The principle of ___________________ states that hydrogen bonds can form only between certain bases in DNA. | base pairing | |
| 703570411 | Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein tightly packed together to form a substance called... | chromatin | |
| 703570412 | During the process of _______________ RNA molecules are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA. | transcription | |
| 703570413 | The enzyme that uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA is called... | Polymerase | |
| 703570414 | After introns have been cut out of RNA molecules, the remaining pieces called __________ are spliced together. | exons | |
| 703570415 | The decoding of an mRNA molecule that are complementary to one of the mRNA codons are called an ... | anticodon | |
| 703570416 | When the "lac" repressor protein binds to the ______________, the "lac" operon is turned off. | operator | |
| 703570417 | A series of genes, called the ______________, controls the development of organs and tissues in various parts of an embryo. | hox genes | |
| 703570418 | The three main types of RNA, are... | - messenger - ribosomal - transfer | |
| 703570419 | Copying part of a nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA is called... | transcription | |
| 703570420 | An enzyme that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription is RNA __________________. | polymerase | |
| 703570421 | During the process of ______________, the information carried by mRNA is used to produce proteins. | translation | |
| 703570422 | Each tRNA molecule contains three unpaired bases, called the ____________, which are complementary to one mRNA codon. | anticodon | |
| 703570423 | Who concluded that the genetic material of bacteriophage is DNA? | Hershey and Chase | |
| 703570424 | Who concluded that DNA was the factor that caused one bacterium to transform into another? | Avery | |
| 703570425 | Who concluded that bacteria could be transformed from harmless to disease-causing by an unknown factor? | Griffith | |
| 703570426 | The structure of a DNA molecule can be described as a... | double helix | |
| 703570427 | The structure of DNA was discovered by ____________ and _____________. | Hershey and Chase | |
| 703570428 | During DNA replication, the DNA molecule _____________ into two strands. | separates | |
| 703570429 | At the end of DNA replication, _________ strands of DNA have been produced, giving a total of _______ strands of DNA. | - two - four | |
| 703570430 | New DNA is replicated in strands complementary to old DNA because production of new DNA follows the rules of _________________. | base pairing | |
| 703570431 | Genetic information is altered when changes in the DNA sequence, called ___________, occur. | mutations | |
| 703570432 | Changes in the DNA sequence of a single gene are called __________. | gene mutations | |
| 703570433 | The DNA sequence of an entire chromosome is affected by a ... | nitrogen base | |
| 703570434 | What causes the "lac" genes in E. coli to turn off? | A lac repressor turns off the lac genes by binding to the operator. | |
| 703570435 | What causes the "lac" genes in E. coli to turn on? | the Lactose is present | |
| 703570436 | Are most eukaryotic genes controlled individually or as groups? | individually | |
| 703570437 | Are most Prokaryote genes controlled individually or as groups? | groups | |
| 704850517 | Contrast DNA and RNA. | - RNA has ribose sugar & DNA has deoxyribose - RNA is single-stranded & DNA is double-stranded - RNA contains uracil & DNA contains thymine | |
| 704850518 | Explain all types of mutations. | - Deletion: the loss of all or part of a chromosome - Duplication: A segment of a chromosome is repeated - Inversion: Part of a chromosome become oriented in the reverse of its usual direction - Translocation: Part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome | |
| 704850519 | Tell about what Hershey and Chase did and what they found out. | They used different radioactive markers to label the DNA and proteins of bacteriophages. They concluded that the genetic material of bacteriophage is DNA | |
| 704850520 | Describe transcription. | Copying part of a nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA | |
| 704850521 | Describe translation. | Process where the information carried by mRNA is used to produce proteins. | |
| 704850522 | What are the three types of RNA and their functions. | - Messenger RNA: Carries copies of the instructions for assembling amino acids from DNA to the rest of the cell. - Ribosomal RNA: is a part of ribosomes - Transfer RNA: Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome to help assemble proteins. |
