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| atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element | ||
| bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another | ||
| small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers | ||
| large compound formed from combinations of many monomers | ||
| single sugar molecule | ||
| reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction | ||
| substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction | ||
| total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic mass units | ||
| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom | ||
| bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms | ||
| weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms | ||
| an attraction between molecules of different substances | ||
| attraction between molecules of the same substance | ||
| building blocks of protein | ||
| protein that acts as a biological catalyst | ||
| energy needed to get a reaction started | ||
| The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group | ||
| All cells come from preexisting cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and all living things are made up of cells. | ||
| Atoms are the basic unit of life. When they combine, they create elements, and when elements combine, they form compounds. | ||
| Same: Since they have the same number of electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties. Different: The number of neutrons in their nuclei. | ||
| it has an uneven distribution of charge. H- positive. O-negative. | ||
| 1. carbohydrates, 2. lipids, 3. nucleic acids and 4. proteins | ||
| Energy, Structure. | ||
| Storing energy, important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. | ||
| They store and transmit hereditary or genetic info. | ||
| Carry out chemical reactions, transport small molecules in and out of cells, and fight diseases. | ||
| A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles | ||
| A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles | ||
| Ribosomes are not found on its surface. It contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs. | ||
| that portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. | ||
| material between the cell membrane and the nucleus | ||
| flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings | ||
| Packages proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates for the cell. System of membrane-bound or flatten cisternae sacs. | ||
| storage structures for food, water, minerals, waste | ||
| energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference | ||
| The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy. | ||
| The passive transport of ions or molecules by a specific carrier protein in a membrane | ||
| when the concentration of two solutions is the same. | ||
| (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work | ||
| adenosine diphosphate; molecule that ATP becomes when it gives up one of its three phosphate groups. |
