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| 6484150874 | plants | unlike animals who respond to the environment with movement, _________ respond by altering their growth | 0 | |
| 6484151799 | tissue | a group of cells that perform a specialized function and it consists of one or more cell types | 1 | |
| 6484153176 | organ | several types of tissues that together carry out particular functions | 2 | |
| 6484154450 | basic plant organs | the three are roots, stems, and leaves; these allow plants to efficiently acquire water and minerals | 3 | |
| 6484155411 | root system | network of roots that a plant develops | 4 | |
| 6484155841 | shoot system | consists of stems and leaves | 5 | |
| 6484156360 | roots | typically not photosynthetic | 6 | |
| 6484156361 | photosynthates | sugards and other carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis | 7 | |
| 6484157392 | photosynthates | keeps roots from starving when imported from the shoot system | 8 | |
| 6484158112 | vegetative growth | production of non reproductive leaves, stems, and roots | 9 | |
| 6484159509 | root | an organ that anchors a vascular plant in the soil, absorbs minerals and water, and often stores carbohydrates | 10 | |
| 6484160894 | taproot | one main vertical root that develops from embryonic root | 11 | |
| 6484161322 | lateral roots | also seen as branch roots | 12 | |
| 6484161764 | taproot system | most eudicots and gymnosperms have this; it penetrates deeply and is therefore adopted to deep soils | 13 | |
| 6484162840 | fibrous root system | a mat of generally thin roots spreading out below the soil surface; monocots usually have this; it usually has shallow penetration and an example would be grasses | 14 | |
| 6484165218 | root hairs | involved in the absorption of water and minerals they are near tips of roots they increase surface area of root they are thin, tubular extensions of the root epidermal cell they are not a lateral root (which is an organ) they don't contribute to plant anchorage | 15 | |
| 6484169363 | stem | an organ that raises or separates leaves to expose them to sunlight it raises reproductive structures-pollen and fruit it has alternating nodes and internodes | 16 | |
| 6484170614 | nodes | points at which leaves are attached | 17 | |
| 6484170615 | internodes | stem segments between nodes | 18 | |
| 6484170921 | axillary bud | a slow-growing structure that can form a lateral shoot | 19 | |
| 6484171913 | apical bud | it is the terminal bud that also has the region where the growth of the young shoot is concentrated it is composed of developing leaves and a compact series of nodes and internodes | 20 | |
| 6484173224 | apical dominance | the inhibition of axillary buds by an apical bud | 21 | |
| 6484174710 | leaf | the main photosynthetic organ that consists of the leaf and the petiole | 22 | |
| 6484175377 | peptide | this type of bond joins the leaf to the stem at a node | 23 | |
| 6484176001 | veins | the vascular tissue of leaves | 24 | |
| 6484176496 | tissue system | functional unit connecting all of the plant's organs | 25 | |
| 6484176909 | dermal tissue system | the outer protective covering of leafs | 26 | |
| 6484177359 | epidermis | the layer of tightly-packed cells | 27 | |
| 6484177984 | cuitcle | waxy coating on the epidermal surface that helps prevent water loss | 28 | |
| 6484179121 | periderm | in woody plants; it replaces old epirderaml surface in stems and roots | 29 | |
| 6484179483 | trichomes | hairlike outgrowths of the shoot epidermis it provides defense against insects with barrier or secreting sticky fluids/toxic compounds | 30 | |
| 6484181335 | vascular tissue system | long-distance transport of materials between the root and shoot systems; include xylem and phloem | 31 | |
| 6484182658 | xylem | conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots | 32 | |
| 6484183171 | phloem | transports sugars (photosynthesis) from leaves or stem to where they are needed (the sinks) | 33 | |
| 6484183882 | stele | collective vascular tissue of a root or stem angiosperms: solid central vascular cylinder of xylem and phloem vascular bundle (strands of xylem/phloem) in stems/leaves | 34 | |
| 6484185609 | ground tissue system | tissues neither dermal nor vascular; storage, photosynthesis and support | 35 | |
| 6484186012 | pith | ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue | 36 | |
| 6484186013 | cortex | ground tissue that is external to the vascular tissue | 37 | |
| 6484186742 | indeterminate growth | growth throughout a plant's life | 38 | |
| 6484187690 | determinate growth | most animals and some plant oragns; it stops growing after a certain size | 39 | |
| 6484189020 | meristems | perpetually undifferentiated tissues that divide when conditions permit to lead to new cells that can elongate | 40 | |
| 6484190241 | apical meristems | tips of roots and shoots and axillary buds of shoots that provide additional cells that enable growth in length | 41 | |
| 6484192056 | primary growth | growth in length; extension in soil and increase d exposure to light | 42 | |
| 6484193030 | secondary grwoth | growth in thickness; vascular cambium and cork cambium | 43 | |
| 6484193650 | vascular cambium | adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem | 44 | |
| 6484194345 | cork cambium | replaces epidermis with tougher periderm | 45 | |
| 6484194354 | intialsi | cells that remain as sources of new cells; stem cells | 46 | |
| 6484195179 | derivatives | new cells displaced from the meristem that divide until the cells they produce become specialized in mature tissues | 47 | |
| 6484197335 | deciduous tree | duyring growing season, the primry growth extends the shoorts and the secondary growth thickens and past tissues | 48 | |
| 6484198524 | annuals | complete the life cycle in less than one year | 49 | |
| 6484198532 | biennials | two years for life cycle | 50 | |
| 6484199141 | perennials | live for many years | 51 | |
| 6484199933 | life cycle | germination-->flowering-->seed production-->death | 52 | |
| 6484200603 | primary growth | arises from cells produced by apical meristems; the root ___________ _______ and shoot _______________ ___________ differ a lot | 53 | |
| 6484203992 | root cap | covers the tip of a root it protects the delicate apical meristem as the root pushes through it secretes polysaccharide slime that lubricates the soil around the tip of the root the abrasive soil during primary growth | 54 | |
| 6484206062 | growth | occurs in 3 zones: division, elongation, and differentiation | 55 | |
| 6484207023 | zone of cell division | includes the root apical meristem and its derivatives | 56 | |
| 6484207417 | zone of elongation | only a few millimeters behind the tip of the root; most of the growth occurs here as the root cells elongate---sometimes to causre more than 10 times the original length | 57 | |
| 6484210881 | zone of maturation | cells complete their differentiation and become distinct cell types | 58 | |
| 6484211607 | primary growth of a root | produces its epidermis, ground it suse, and vascular tissue | 59 | |
| 6484212722 | root's epidermis | allows water and minerals to be absorbed from the soil | 60 | |
| 6484213433 | root hairs | accounts for much of this absorption; it enhances the process by gently increasing the surface area of the epidermis | 61 | |
| 6484214306 | vascular cyclinderq | consisting of a solid core of xylem (phloem not often) often has care of parenchyma cells, ring of xylem, and the ring of phloem | 62 | |
| 6484222688 | cortex | region between vascular cylinder and epidermis is filled with ground tissue | 63 | |
| 6484223554 | endodermis | innermost layer of the cortex; | 64 | |
| 6484233981 | lateral roots | arise from pericycle | 65 | |
| 6484233982 | pericucle | outermost cell layer in the vascular cylinder,which is adjacent to and just inside the endodermis | 66 | |
| 6484235868 | leaf primorida | leaves develop from this finger-like projections along the sides of the apical meristem | 67 | |
| 6484237533 | shoot elongation | due to the lengthening of inernode cells below the shoot tip | 68 | |
| 6484238136 | branching | part of primary growth that arises from the activation of axillary buds | 69 | |
| 6484239069 | intercalary meristems | meristems at the bases of stems and leaves that allow damaged leaves to regrow rapidly and allow plants to effectively recover from damage caused by herbivores | 70 | |
| 6484240573 | lateral shoots | develop from axillary bud meristems on the stem's surface and disrupt no other tissues | 71 | |
| 6484243487 | vascular tissue | usually consists of vascular bundles arranged in a ring in eudicots; usually the vascualar bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue and don't for ma ring in dicots | 72 | |
| 6484245806 | stomata | pores that interrupt the epidermis and allow the exchange of CO2 and O2 between surrounding air and the photosynthetic cells inside the leaf; they are also a major avenue for evaporative loss of water | 73 | |
| 6484249765 | guard cells | regulate the opening and closing of the pore | 74 | |
| 6484249783 | mesophyll | ground tissue of a leaf that is sandwiched between upper and lower epidermal layers it is mainly parenchyma cells specialized for photosynthesis | 75 | |
| 6484251516 | palisade mesophyll | in eudicots; one or more layers of the elongated parenchyma cells on the upper part of the leaf | 76 | |
| 6484252263 | spongy mesophyll | in eudicots; below palisade mesophyll and loosely arranged parenchyma cells | 77 | |
| 6484253249 | bundle sheath | encloses each vein and consists of one or more layers of cells | 78 |
