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| 3398857545 | Cell Theory | 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things 3. New cells come from existing cells | 0 | |
| 3398857546 | Cell (Plasma) Membrane | Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support Also called a lipid bilayer |  | 1 |
| 3398857547 | Cytoplasm | Jelly-like substance within a cell; The portion of the cell outside the nucleus that contains all of the organelles inside the nucleus and where the majority of the cells reactions take place |  | 2 |
| 3398857548 | Ribosome | Where proteins are made; they can be either free or attached to the membrane |  | 3 |
| 3398857549 | Prokaryote | An organism whose cells do NOT contain a nucleus. These cells are usually smaller and simpler. The DNA is free floating. Ex. Bacteria |  | 4 |
| 3398857550 | Cell Wall | Provide structure and support to the cell Usually made of cellulose gives the cell rigidity. |  | 5 |
| 3398857551 | Flagella | Whip like extension that enables cells to move Only found on a human sperm cells |  | 6 |
| 3398857552 | Eukaryote | An organism whose cells contain a nucleus that separates the DNA from the rest of the cell. The cells needs to be larger and more complex. They contain organelles that each have a different function. Ex. Plants and animals |  | 7 |
| 3398857553 | Nucleus | The control center of the cell contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes) |  | 8 |
| 3398857554 | Organelle | A specialized structure that performs a important cellular functions in a eukaryotic cell. |  | 9 |
| 3398857555 | Cilia | Hair like extensions on the outside of cell that help a cell to move as well as collect dust and debris. |  | 10 |
| 3398857556 | Cytoskeleton | A network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape and helps with cell movement. Made of microtubules - thicker made of tubulins Microfilaments are threadlike made of actin. Microfilaments + Microtubules = ___________________ |  | 11 |
| 3398857557 | Microtubules | Microscopic cylinders that support the cell and give it shape |  | 12 |
| 3398857558 | Phospholipids | Special lipids that make up the cell membrane. They have a hydrophilic (water loving) head made of a phosphate group. They have a hydrophobic (water fearing) tail made of fatty acids. |  | 13 |
| 3398857559 | Lipid Bilayer | Two layers of phospholipids that that form the call membrane are known as the: |  | 14 |
| 3398857560 | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Where components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other cells materials that will leave the cell. Often times referred to as the intracellular highway Rough has ribosomes Rough- makes proteins |  | 15 |
| 3398857561 | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Where components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other cells materials that will leave the cell. Often times referred to as the intracellular highway Smooth no ribosomes Smooth - involved in cell detox and making lipids and hormones |  | 16 |
| 3398857562 | Golgi Apparatus | Processes, modifies, packages and sorts proteins. |  | 17 |
| 3398857563 | Lysosome | Contains digestive enzymes breaks down carbohydrates, lipids and proteins also known as the suicide sacs. They remove other junk and material from the cell. Mostly found in animal cells but can be found in plants |  | 18 |
| 3398857564 | Mitochondrion | Convert chemical energy stored in food into useable energy (ATP) Often times referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. |  | 19 |
| 3398857565 | Centrioles | Structures made out of microtubules Help with cell division only found in animals cells |  | 20 |
| 3398857566 | Chloroplasts | Use the energy from the sun to convert it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis |  | 21 |
| 3398857567 | Central Vacuole | Storage for water and other substances Plants have one large central vacuole |  | 22 |
| 3398857568 | Nuclear Membrane (Envelope) | Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus through the pores |  | 23 |
| 3398857569 | Nucleolus | Small dense region inside the nucleus Where ribosomes are made |  | 24 |
| 3398857570 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | Where components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other cells materials that will leave the cell. Often times referred to as the intracellular highway Can be smooth or rough. |  | 25 |
| 3398857571 | Vacuoles (Vesicles) | Storage for water and other substances Animals they are called vesicles |  | 26 |
| 3398857572 | Pili | Extensions on the outside of cell that enable it to stick to other cells |  | 27 |
| 3398857573 | Integral Proteins | A membrane protein that can pass through the membrane |  | 28 |
| 3398857574 | Peripheral Proteins | A membrane protein that sits on the surface of the membrane |  | 29 |
| 3398857575 | 1. Transport proteins-Allow substances to move in & out -Carrier proteins -Channel proteins -Membrane proteins 2. Receptor proteins-binding sites for hormones or other chemicals which cause changes in the cell 3. Recognition or marker proteins-identify cells as a certain type (muscle, organ), mark cells as self so that the immune system recognizes them and does not destroy them. | The 3 jobs of a membrane protein are: | 30 | |
| 3398857576 | Fluid Mosaic Model | The cell membrane is described by the __________________. This says that the membrane is fluid and mosaic at the same time. Fluid-phospholipids are in constant motion Mosaic-A few proteins on a background of lipids |  | 31 |
| 3398857577 | Glycoprotein | Protein with attached carbohydrate chain |  | 32 |
| 3398857578 | Glycolipid | Lipid with carbohydrate chain attached |  | 33 |
| 3398857579 | Cholesterol | This helps to maintain membrane flexibility. It prevents the membrane from melting and freezing. It is only present in animals. |  | 34 |
| 3398857580 | 1. Boundary of the cell 2. Controls what enters and exits the cell 3. Receptors detect specific molecules found in the environment 4. Provides support | These are the 4 functions of the cell membrane: 1. 2. 3. 4. | 35 | |
| 3398857581 | -Nucleus in the center of the cell. -More irregular shape -Have small vacuoles called vesicles | 3 Characteristics of animal cells | 36 | |
| 3398857582 | Centrioles are found only in ___________ cells | (Organelles found only in) animal cells | 37 | |
| 3398857583 | Cytoskeleton and cell membrane are found in: | Organelle found in both plant and animal cells | 38 | |
| 3398857584 | Cell Walls, Chloroplasts, Large Central Vacuoles found only in ____________ cells. | Organelle found only in plant cells | 39 | |
| 3398857585 | -Nucleus pushed off to the side -More geometric shape due to cell wall -Chloroplasts present | 3 Characteristics of plant cells | 40 | |
| 3398857586 | 1. Always start with Low Power. Use the Coarse Knob to get the specimen in focus. If you skip this step, you won't be able to find it on the higher powers. 2. Once you've focused on Low Power, switch to Medium Power. Use the Coarse Knob to refocus. Again, if you haven't focused on this level, you will not be able to move to the next level. 3. Now switch to High Power. At this point, ONLY use the Fine Adjustment Knob to focus specimens. | The proper procedure for looking at the slide under low power and up to high power in perfect focus is: | 41 | |
| 3398857587 | 1. Gather a thin slice/peice of whatever your specimen is. 2. Place ONE drop of water directly over the specimen. 3. Place the coverslip at a 45 degree angle (approximately) with one edge touching the water drop and then gently let go. Make sure there are no air bubbles | The proper procedure for preparing a wet mount slide is: | 42 | |
| 3398857588 | Cell to cell recognition | A cell's ability to distinguish one cell from another. Your immune system counts on cell to cell recognition to make sure that your body is not attacking cells that belong to you, but that it is attacking cells like viruses which don't belong in your body. | 43 | |
| 3398857589 | How proteins and carbs are arranged on the cell membrane | ___________ can be either integral which means that they are between the phospholipids and go through the membrane, or peripheral, which means that they are on the outside of the membrane. ____________ chains are attached to either proteins or phospholipids and face the outside of the cell. | 44 | |
| 3398857590 | Solute | In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent | 45 | |
| 3398857591 | Solvent | In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves. | 46 | |
| 3398857592 | Solution | A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another. | 47 | |
| 3398857593 | Selectively permeable | The idea that membranes will let some molecules into and out of the cell, but not others is called: | 48 | |
| 3398857594 | Diffusion | Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |  | 49 |
| 3398857595 | Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |  | 50 |
| 3398857596 | Facilitated Diffusion | Another type of passive transport, used for molecules that cannot readily diffuse through cell membranes without the help of proteins. |  | 51 |
| 3398857597 | Active Transport | Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference (High-->Low). Movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy. Needs cell to use it's own energy. |  | 52 |
| 3398857598 | Factors that decide whether active or passive transport take place | Depends on the molecule or object being moved | 53 | |
| 3398857599 | Hypotonic solution | A solution with a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell. The cell swells and bursts open (cytolysis) |  | 54 |
| 3398857600 | Hypertonic solution | The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than the inside of the cell. (high solute; low water) Result: Water moves from inside the cell into the solution. Cell shrinks. (Plasmolysis). |  | 55 |
| 3398857601 | Isotonic solution | The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell. Result: Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains the same size. (Dynamic equilibrium) |  | 56 |
| 3398857602 | Concentration Gradient and the importance of one in cell transport | A difference in the concentration of the same substance in different areas. In transport molecules are moving from areas of high concentration to low concentration OR from low concentration to high concentration. Without a concentration gradient transport could not occur and equilibrium would not be reached. | 57 | |
| 3398857603 | Pinocytosis | Cell drinking |  | 58 |
| 3398857604 | Phagocytosis | Cell eating |  | 59 |
| 3398857605 | Endocytosis | Taking bulky material into a cell |  | 60 |
| 3398857606 | Exocytosis | Forces material out of the cell |  | 61 |
| 3398857616 | chromatin | The granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins. |  | 62 |
| 3398857617 | chromosome | The threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. |  | 63 |
| 3398857632 | plastid | Any pigment containing organelle within plant cells: chromo-, leuco-, and chloro-. |  | 64 |
| 3398857634 | concentration | The mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume. |  | 65 |
| 3398857648 | cell specialization | separate roles for each type of cell in multicellular organisms | 66 | |
| 3398857656 | *cilia |  | 67 | |
| 3398857657 | *ribosomes |  | 68 | |
| 3398857658 | *mitochondria |  | 69 | |
| 3398857659 | *Golgi apparatus |  | 70 | |
| 3398857660 | *smooth ER |  | 71 | |
| 3398857661 | *rough ER |  | 72 | |
| 3398857662 | *nucleolus |  | 73 | |
| 3398857663 | *microvilli |  | 74 | |
| 3398857665 | *centrioles |  | 75 | |
| 3398857667 | *lysosome |  | 76 | |
| 3398857669 | *nuclear envelope |  | 77 | |
| 3398857670 | *cell membrane |  | 78 | |
| 3398857671 | *cytoplasm |  | 79 | |
| 3398857672 | *cytoskeleton |  | 80 | |
| 3398857673 | *cell wall |  | 81 | |
| 3398857674 | *chloroplast |  | 82 | |
| 3398857676 | *vacuole |  | 83 | |
| 3398857677 | *plastid |  | 84 |
