Chapter 6 Vocabulary
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| any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water and has a pH below 7 | ||
| smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element; basic building block of all matter | ||
| any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and has a pH above 7 | ||
| substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined | ||
| chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons | ||
| substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances | ||
| atom or group of atoms that gain or lose elctrons; has an electrical charge | ||
| chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge | ||
| atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus | ||
| all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism | ||
| combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties | ||
| group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; has no overall charge | ||
| positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons | ||
| measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; the scale ranges from below 0 to above 14; solution with pH above 7 is basic and a pH below 7 is acidic | ||
| mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substances | ||
| net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution | ||
| result of diffusion where there is continuous movement particles but no overall change in concentration | ||
| weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms | ||
| molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end | ||
| basic building block of protein molecule | ||
| organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen | ||
| type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions | ||
| compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties | ||
| large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen; examples are fats, oils, waxes, and steroids; are insoluble in water and used by cells for energy storage, insulation, and protective coatings, such as in membranes | ||
| complex biomolecules, such as RNA and DNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code | ||
| subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base | ||
| covalent bond formed between amino acids | ||
| large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together | ||
| large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism |
