Chapter 9 Vocabulary
Terms : Hide Images
| molecule formed from the breaking off of a phosphate group for ATP; results in a release of energy that is used for biological reactions | ||
| energy-storing molecule in cells composed fo an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups; energy is stored in the molecule's chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells | ||
| series of reactions during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis in which simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP and hydrogen from the light-dependent reactions | ||
| light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green | ||
| series of proteins embedded in a membrane along which energized electrons are transported; as electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, energy is released | ||
| phase of photosynthesis where light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP; results in the splitting of water and the release of oxygen | ||
| phase of photosynthesis where energy from light-dependent reactions is used to produce glucose and additional ATP molecules | ||
| electron carrier molecule; when carrying excited electrons it becomes NADPH | ||
| reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependent reactions where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons | ||
| process by which autotrophs, such as algae and plants, trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars | ||
| molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight | ||
| chemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen | ||
| anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol; carried out by many bacteria and fungi such as yeasts | ||
| chemical reactions that do not require the presence of oxygen | ||
| chemical process where miochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP; the three stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain | ||
| in cellular respiration, series of chemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP; energizes electron carriers that pass the energized electrons on to the electron transport chain | ||
| in cellular respiration, series of ananerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms a net profit of two ATP molecules | ||
| series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+, which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce |
