Holt, Rinehart, & Winston; Biology; Chapter 10 Vocabulary
Terms : Hide Images
| 764961039 | virulent | disease-causing strain of a bacterium | |
| 764961040 | transformation | process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria | |
| 764961041 | bacteriophages | viruses that infect bacteria | |
| 764961042 | nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base | |
| 764961043 | deoxyribose | five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides | |
| 764961044 | nitrogenous base | an organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine; a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA and RNA | |
| 764961045 | purine | a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine | |
| 764961046 | pyrimidine | a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil | |
| 764961047 | base-pairing rules | the rules stating that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, and adenine pairs with uracil in RNA | |
| 764961048 | complementary base pairs | the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other strand | |
| 764961049 | base sequence | the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA | |
| 764961050 | DNA replication | process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission | |
| 764961051 | helicase | An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks. | |
| 764961052 | replication fork | a Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated | |
| 764961053 | DNA polymerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain | |
| 764961054 | semi-conservative replication | in each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one is a new strand | |
| 764961055 | mutation | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information | |
| 764961056 | ribonucleic acid | (RNA) single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose | |
| 764961057 | transcription | the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA | |
| 764961058 | translation | the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm | |
| 764961059 | protein synthesis | the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA | |
| 764961060 | ribose | a 5-carbon sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid | |
| 764961061 | messenger RNA | the RNA that is the template for protein synthesis; it makes a copy from DNA | |
| 764961062 | ribosomal RNA | the RNA that is part of the ribosome; where protein synthesis occurs | |
| 764961063 | transfer RNA | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis | |
| 764961064 | RNA polymerase | enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template | |
| 764961065 | promoter | a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription | |
| 764961066 | termination signal | a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene | |
| 764961067 | genetic code | a term for the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides corresponds to a particular amino acid | |
| 764961068 | codon | three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid | |
| 764961069 | anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon | |
| 764961070 | genome | the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes |
