Biology chapter 1 Flashcards

Vocabulary: evolution, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), emergent properties, biosphere, ecosystems, community, population, organism, organs and organ systems, tissues, organelles, cell, molecule, eukaryotic cell, prokaryotic cell, gene, genome, negative feedback, positive feedback, adaptation, inductive reasoning, data, hypothesis, deductive reasoning, controlled experiment, dependent variable, independent variable, theory
Objectives:
After attending lectures and studying the chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Define biology.
2. List and explain the characteristics of life.
a. Define metabolism.
b. Define adaptation.
3. Distinguish between types of organisms by describing the differences between and
give examples of:
a. unicellular and multicellular organisms; and,
b. prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
4. List and explain the levels of biological organization.
5. Relating to major concepts in biology, explain what is meant by:
a. "the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things";
b. "the continuity of life depends on the inheritance of biological information";
c. "form fits function";
d. "the unity and diversity of life"; and,
e. "life forms change".
6. Explain why DNA is considered the molecule of inheritance in all organisms.
7. Define evolution.
a. Define population and give examples of characteristics of populations.
b. Explain evolution through natural selection.
c. Explain how adaptations come about through natural selection.
d. Explain why evolution is a central theme in biology.
8. Define science and explain why biology is a science.
9. Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning and explain how these
processes of logic are used in science.
10. List in order and explain the logical relationship between the steps of the
scientific method.
11. Explain the difference between hypothesis, theory, and law.
12. Explain the "if . . . then" logic of a prediction and state the role of a prediction in
the process of designing an investigation.
13. Explain the difference between observational and experimental investigations.
14. Explain the difference between the control group and the experimental group
in a controlled experiment.
15. Explain the difference between the controlled variables, the independent variable,
and the dependent variable(s).
16. Explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative data and give examples
of each.
17. Explain the relationship between the conclusion and the hypothesis.
18. Be able to name the three Domains by which all living organisms are classified, and what organisms belong to each. Recognize the 4 kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya
Domains: Bacteria - all unicellular prokaryotic (no nucleus) organisms w/ peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaea - all unicellular prokaryotic organisms; live in extreme environments
Eukarya - consist of unicellular and multicellular organisms w/ a nucleus
Kingdom - Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
* Protista - algae, protozoa, slime molds
19. Be able to state the Theory of Natural Selection and how it effects evolution of a species.
20. Be able to give the steps the scientific method when given a simple experiment with results. Distinguish between results (data) and conclusion!
Be able to answer multiple choice questions at the end of the chapter.