BHS Schaeffer 2010 fall
Terms : Hide Images
| 114491529 | qualitative data | data you collect usuing your senses | 0 | |
| 114491530 | quantitative data | Numerical measures/values used to quantify, /describe the characteristics or behaviors being measured. | 1 | |
| 114491531 | sampling bias | A problem that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn. | 2 | |
| 114491532 | measurement bias | a form of inaccurate measurement in which the data consistently overestimate or underestimate the true value of an event | 3 | |
| 114491533 | observations | written description of what was noticed during the experiment. | 4 | |
| 114491534 | inferences | Possible interpretations of observations that are based on previous experience. | 5 | |
| 114491535 | scientific method | a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses -- a series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions. QUESTIONS, BACKGROUND RESEARCH, HYPOTHESIS, PROCEDURE, DATA COLLECTION, DAT ANALYSIS, CONCLUSIONS though not always in that order. | 6 | |
| 114491536 | characteristics of living things | made of cells, need energy, grow and develop, respond to the environment, reproduce, adaptations to the environment, produce waste//DNA-GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT-RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT-MADE OF CELLS-LIVING THINGS EVOLVE-USE OF ENERGY AND MATTER-HOMEOSTASIS-LIVING THINGS REPRODUCE | 7 | |
| 114491537 | atom | basic unit of matter | 8 | |
| 114491538 | macromolecule | made in living systems from smaller building blocks covalently bonded; four classes: proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids | 9 | |
| 114491539 | carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body | 10 | |
| 114491540 | • glucose | The body's blood sugar; a simple form of carbohydrate | 11 | |
| 114491541 | • fructose | a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits | 12 | |
| 114491542 | • galactose | milk sugar | 13 | |
| 114491543 | • sucrose | glucose + fructose | 14 | |
| 114491544 | • lactose | glucose + galactose | 15 | |
| 114491545 | • maltose | malt sugar, glucose + glucose | 16 | |
| 114491546 | • monosaccharide | single sugar molecule | 17 | |
| 114491547 | • disaccharide | a sugar formed from two monosaccharides | 18 | |
| 114491548 | • polysaccharide | a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides | 19 | |
| 114491549 | • starch | a carbohydrate, the main food energy source for human beings | 20 | |
| 114491550 | • gycogen | starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen(in liver cells) | 21 | |
| 114491551 | • cellulose | A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms | 22 | |
| 114491552 | • simple sugars | Mainly glucose. Can be joined together to form more complex carbohydrates such as starches, cellulose, etc. | 23 | |
| 114491553 | • complex carbohydrates | starches which are made up of many sugars and are found in foods like potatoes, beans, and whole grain cereals | 24 | |
| 114491554 | lipid | macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes | 25 | |
| 114491555 | • glycerol | with fatty acids, make up the building blocks of lipids | 26 | |
| 114491556 | • fatty acids | simple forms of fat that supply energy fuel for most of the body's cells | 27 | |
| 114491557 | • triglyceride | 3 fatty acids (chains of hydrocarbons) bonded to a glycerol, most fats are eaten and absorbed in this form, carbohydrate | 28 | |
| 114491558 | • saturated | concerning fats and health, those fats associated strongly with heart and artery disease; mainly fats from animal sources | 29 | |
| 114491559 | • unsaturated | concerning fats and health, fats less associated with heart and artery disease; mainly fats from plant sources | 30 | |
| 114491560 | • cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell | 31 | |
| 114491561 | • hormones and steroids | 1. chemical "messengers" of the endocrine system that are released into the blood. 2. Many of this type of lipid serve as chemical messengers or as parts of the cell membrane; examples include cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen | 32 | |
| 114491562 | protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes | 33 | |
| 114491563 | • amino acid | basic building blocks of protein molecules | 34 | |
| 114491564 | • essential amino acid | an amino acid that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by the diet | 35 | |
| 114491565 | • amino group | A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1. | 36 | |
| 114491566 | • carboxyl group | A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. | 37 | |
| 114491567 | • enzyme | any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions | 38 | |
| 114491568 | digestive system | components: organs of gastrointestinal tract, a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes, such as salivary glands, liver, gallblader, and pancreas; functions: achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes | 39 | |
| 114491569 | hydrolyze | fat broken down into water or carbohydrates that can be absorbed or expelled, from pancreatic juice | 40 | |
| 114491570 | ecology | the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment | 41 | |
| 114491571 | economics | how ecology deals with resources | 42 | |
| 114491572 | biotic and abiotic factors | biotic - living processess, ex plants(type, number) and predator/prey pop. abiotic - physical or chemical processes ex conditions (vary in time and space) ex temp, wind, heat, pH level, salinity, and fire and resources (more local) ex water, minerals, nutrients, and barriers (natural or man-made) = limit factors | 43 | |
| 114491573 | water cycle | the continuous movement of water between Earth's surface and the air, changing from liquid to gas to liquid | 44 | |
| 114491574 | evaporation | the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas | 45 | |
| 114491575 | condensation | atmospheric moisture that has condensed because of cold | 46 | |
| 114491576 | precipitation | the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist) | 47 | |
| 114491577 | runoff | water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground, the occurrence of surplus liquid (as water) exceeding the limit or capacity | 48 | |
| 114491578 | transpiration & transpiration pull | when water evaporates from the leaves of a plant, water is pulled up to replace what was lost. | 49 | |
| 114491579 | Carbon cycle | the circulation and reutilization of carbon atoms especially via the process of photosynthesis and respiration. | 50 | |
| 114491580 | fossil fuel | fuel consisting of the remains of organisms preserved in rocks in the earth's crust with high carbon and hydrogen content, a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago | 51 | |
| 114491581 | photosynthesis | (plants absorb CO2 during this process), process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars | 52 | |
| 114491582 | combustion of fossil fuels (burning) | possibly creates global warming | 53 | |
| 114491583 | Nitrogen cycle | the circulation and reutilization of nitrogen in both inorganic and organic places. | 54 | |
| 114491584 | fertilizer | any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile | 55 | |
| 114491585 | bacteria | Prokaryotic, one-celled organisms. Some transmit diseases. Most act as decomposers and get the nutrients they need by breaking down complex organic compounds in the tissues of living or dead organisms into simpler inorganic nutrient compounds. | 56 | |
| 114491586 | nitrogen fixation | process by which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas to ammonia | 57 | |
| 114491587 | decompose (decomposition) | to decay or to break down into basic elements | 58 | |
| 114491588 | runoff and pollution | water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground, undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities | 59 | |
| 114491589 | Phosphorus cycle | The movement of phosphorus atoms from rocks through the biosphere and hydrosphere and back to rocks. | 60 | |
| 114491590 | fertilizer | chemicals used to help plants grow as in phosphorous (mined) and this contributes to runoff and pollution | 61 | |
| 114491591 | autotroph (producer) | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds | 62 | |
| 114491592 | heterotroph (consumer) | organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes | 63 | |
| 114491593 | primary producer | An autotroph, usually a photosynthetic organism. Collectively, autotrophs make up the trophic level of an ecosystem that ultimately supports all other levels. | 64 | |
| 114491594 | herbivore | any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and other plants | 65 | |
| 114491595 | carnivore | any animal that feeds on flesh | 66 | |
| 114491596 | omnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals | 67 | |
| 114491597 | decomposer | organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter | 68 | |
| 114491598 | scavenger | any animal that feeds on refuse and other decaying organic matter | 69 | |
| 114491599 | detritivore | organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter | 70 | |
| 114491600 | food chain | (ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member | 71 | |
| 114491601 | food web | (ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains | 72 | |
| 114491602 | energy pyramid | a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web | 73 | |
| 114491603 | trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web | 74 | |
| 114491604 | niche | (ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species) know about conflict and resolution therein | 75 | |
| 114491605 | cell | (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms | 76 | |
| 114491606 | prokaryote | A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles | 77 | |
| 114491607 | eukaryote | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles | 78 | |
| 114491608 | cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell | 79 | |
| 114491609 | cell wall | strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria | 80 | |
| 114491610 | nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction | 81 | |
| 114491611 | chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy | 82 | |
| 114491612 | mitochondrion | an organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy | 83 | |
| 114491613 | ribosome | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein | 84 | |
| 114491614 | parts of Microscope | eyepiece-where you look through to see the image of your specimen. 2. body tube-the long tube that holds the eyepiece and connects it to the objectives. 3. nosepiece-the rotating part of the microscope at the bottom of the body tube; it holds the objectives. 4. objective lenses-(low, medium, high, oil immersion) the microscope may have 2, 3 or more objectives attached to the nosepiece; they vary in length (the shortest is the lowest power or magnification; the longest is the highest power or magnification). 5. arm-part of the microscope that you carry the microscope with. 6. coarse adjustment knob-large, round knob on the side of the microscope used for focusing the specimen; it may move either the stage or the upper part of the microscope. 7. fine adjustment knob-small, round knob on the side of the microscope used to fine-tune the focus of your specimen after using the coarse adjustment knob. | 85 | |
| 114491615 | Mitosis (cell division in eukaryotes) | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes | 86 | |
| 114491616 | chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA | 87 | |
| 114491617 | centriole | in animal cells, a cytoplasmic organelle that organizes the mitotic spindle fibers during cell reproductions | 88 | |
| 114491618 | spindle fiber | one of the microtubles that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell | 89 | |
| 114491619 | interphase | a period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins | 90 | |
| 114491620 | prophase | the first stage of mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotic cell division, during which the nuclear envelope breaks down and strands of chromatin form into chromosomes | 91 | |
| 114491621 | metaphase | the stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle | 92 | |
| 114491622 | anaphase | a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate | 93 | |
| 114491623 | telophase and cytokinesis | Nuclear membranes form. The cell separates into two cells. | 94 | |
| 114491624 | Binary Fission | a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size | 95 | |
| 114491625 | Cell division in prokaryotes | do not have nucleus; divide into two identical cells by binary fission; asexual reproduction; chromosomes attached to cell membrane makes a copy of itself and the cell grows to about twice the normal size; cell walls for between chromosomes and the parent cell splits into two new identical daughter cells (clones) | 96 | |
| 114491626 | cyclins | proteins that regulate the cell cycle | 97 | |
| 114491627 | apoptosis | a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself | 98 | |
| 114491628 | p53 gene | The guardian angel of the genome, a gene that is expressed when a cell's DNA is damaged. Its product, a protein, functions as a transcription factor for several genes. | 99 | |
| 114491629 | preventable causes | lung and sun | 100 | |
| 114491630 | non-preventable causes | genetics and age | 101 | |
| 114491631 | Cell Theory Lecture | 1. All living things are made of cells 2. All cells come from other cells All cells contain the genetic material of the organism in which they are from | 102 |
