biology vocab for 11.4, cell division, and chapters 14, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, and 3
Links to individual sets:
http://quizlet.com/7869541/biology-ch-114-vocab-olczyk-flash-cards/
http://quizlet.com/7954678/biology-vocab-for-cell-division-unit-olczyk-flash-cards/
http://quizlet.com/9066684/biology-ch142-vocab-olczyk-flash-cards/
http://quizlet.com/9450790/biology-ch-12-vocab-olczyk-flash-cards/
http://quizlet.com/10243166/biology-ch-15-vocab-olczyk-flash-cards/
http://quizlet.com/10493073/biology-ch-16-vocab-olczyk-flash-cards/
http://quizlet.com/11086905/biology-ch-19-vocab-olczyk-flash-cards/
http://quizlet.com/11452840/biology-ch-20-vocab-olczyk-flash-cards/
http://quizlet.com/11801196/biology-ch-3-vocab-olczyk-flash-cards/
Terms : Hide Images
| 2596683855 | biosphere | part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere | 0 | |
| 2596683856 | species | group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring | 1 | |
| 2596683857 | population | group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area | 2 | |
| 2596683858 | community | assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area | 3 | |
| 2596683859 | ecosystem | collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment | 4 | |
| 2596683860 | biome | group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities | 5 | |
| 2596683861 | autotroph | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer | 6 | |
| 2596683863 | photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches | 7 | |
| 2596683864 | chemosythesis | process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates | 8 | |
| 2596683865 | heterotroph | organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer | 9 | |
| 2596683867 | herbivore | organism that obtains energy by eating only plants | 10 | |
| 2596683868 | carnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating animals | 11 | |
| 2596683869 | omnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals | 12 | |
| 2596683871 | decomposer | organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter | 13 | |
| 2596683872 | food chain | series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten | 14 | |
| 2596683873 | food web | network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem | 15 | |
| 2596683874 | trophic level | step in a food chain or food web | 16 | |
| 2596683875 | ecological pyramid | diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web | 17 | |
| 2596683876 | biomass | total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level | 18 | |
| 2596683877 | biogeochemical cycle | process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another | 19 | |
| 2596683879 | transpiration | loss of water from a plant through its leaves | 20 | |
| 2596683880 | nutrient | chemical substance that an organism requires to live | 21 | |
| 2596683881 | nitrogen fixation | process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia | 22 | |
| 2596683884 | limiting nutrient | single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem | 23 | |
| 2596683889 | phytoplankton | population of algae and other small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean and forming part of plankton | 24 | |
| 2596683896 | protist | any eukaryote that is not a plant, an animal, or a fungus | 25 | |
| 2596683900 | cilia | short hairlike projection similar to a flagellum; produces movement in many cells | 26 | |
| 2596683916 | prokaryote | unicellular organism lacking a nucleus | 27 | |
| 2596683927 | binary fission | type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells | 28 | |
| 2596683931 | pathogen | disease-causing agent | 29 | |
| 2596683932 | vaccine | a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens | 30 | |
| 2596683933 | antibiotic | compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria | 31 | |
| 2596683936 | virus | a particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells | 32 | |
| 2596683943 | gene pool | combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population | 33 | |
| 2596683953 | genetic equilibrium | situation in which allele frequencies remain constant | 34 | |
| 2596683954 | speciation | formation of new species | 35 | |
| 2596683959 | evolution | change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms | 36 | |
| 2596683960 | theory | well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations | 37 | |
| 2596683965 | adaptation | inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival | 38 | |
| 2596683967 | natural selection | process by which the individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest | 39 | |
| 2596683970 | homologous structures | structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues | 40 | |
| 2596683971 | vestigial organ | organ that serves no useful function in an organism | 41 | |
| 2596683974 | nucleotide | building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) | 42 | |
| 2596683978 | replication | (genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division | 43 | |
| 2596683980 | gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait | 44 | |
| 2596683981 | mRNA (messenger RNA) | RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell | 45 | |
| 2596683982 | rRNA (ribosomal RNA) | type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes | 46 | |
| 2596683983 | tRNA (transfer RNA) | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis | 47 | |
| 2596683984 | transcription | process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA | 48 | |
| 2596683990 | translation | decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain | 49 | |
| 2596683992 | mutation | a change or alteration in form or qualities | 50 | |
| 2596684003 | crossing-over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis | 51 | |
| 2596684004 | cell division | process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells | 52 | |
| 2596684005 | mitosis | part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides | 53 | |
| 2596684006 | cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm during cell division | 54 | |
| 2596684009 | interphase | period of the cell cycle between cell divisions | 55 | |
| 2596684010 | cell cycle | series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide | 56 | |
| 2596684018 | cancer | disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth; uncontrolled cell division | 57 | |
| 2602815353 | xylem | the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants | 58 | |
| 2602819240 | prokaryote | cells that do NOT contain nuclei | 59 | |
| 2602826955 | eukaryote | organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles | 60 | |
| 2602829307 | Allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color | 61 | |
| 2602838981 | Cell | The most basic unit of life, the smallest living thing. | 62 | |
| 2602842530 | tissue | Two or more cells working together. | 63 | |
| 2602844360 | Nucleus | Controls the cell - the "brain" | 64 | |
| 2602846862 | passive transport | Particles move across the cell membrane without the use of energy | 65 | |
| 2602849156 | diffusion | Particles move from high concentration to low | 66 | |
| 2602849157 | osmosis | The movement of WATER particles across a semi-permeable membrane | 67 | |
| 2602859968 | Integumentary | Body system that provides sense of touch, protects body, and regulates temperature | 68 | |
| 2602861680 | Lymphatic (Immune) | body systme that makes white blood cells and protects body against foreign invaders | 69 | |
| 2602865684 | stimulus | a change in the environment that causes a response | 70 | |
| 2602866745 | tropism | behavior caused by growth of a plant towards or away from a stimulus | 71 | |
| 2602879353 | mutualism | Relationship in which both organisms benefit. | 72 | |
| 2602881569 | commensalism | Relationship in which one organism benefits, the other is neither harmed nor helped. | 73 | |
| 2602882956 | symbiosis | Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association. | 74 |
