Adapted from:
Urry, L., Cain, M., Wasserman, S., Minorsky, P., Jackson, R., & Reece, J. (2014). Campbell biology in focus. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. (ISBN# 0321813804)
Terms : Hide Images
| 7931942477 | Adaptation | Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in specific environments. |  | 0 |
| 7931942478 | Analogous | Having characteristics that are similar because of convergent evolution, not homology. |  | 1 |
| 7931942479 | Artificial selection | The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits. |  | 2 |
| 7931942480 | Biogeography | The study of the past and present distribution of species. |  | 3 |
| 7931942481 | Catastrophism | The principle that events in the past occurred suddenly and were caused by different mechanisms than those operating today. See uniformitarianism. |  | 4 |
| 7931942482 | Convergent evolution | The evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages. |  | 5 |
| 7931942483 | Endemic | Referring to a species that is confined to a specific, relatively small geographic area. |  | 6 |
| 7931942484 | Evolution | Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation. |  | 7 |
| 7931942485 | Evolutionary tree | A branching diagram that reflects a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms. |  | 8 |
| 7931942486 | Fossil | A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past. |  | 9 |
| 7931942487 | Homologous structures | Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry. |  | 10 |
| 7931942488 | Homology | Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry. | | 11 |
| 7931942489 | Natural selection | A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics. |  | 12 |
| 7931942490 | Paleontology | The scientific study of fossils. |  | 13 |
| 7931942491 | Pangaea | The supercontinent that formed near the end of the Paleozoic era, when plate movements brought all the landmasses of Earth together. |  | 14 |
| 7931942492 | Stratum | A rock layer formed when new layers of sediment cover older ones and compress them. |  | 15 |
| 7931942493 | Vestigial structure | A structure of marginal, if any, importance to an organism. Vestigial structures are historical remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestors. |  | 16 |
| 7931942494 | Lamarck | theory of disuse and use; inheritance of acquired characteristics (1744-1829) |  | 17 |
| 7931942495 | Theory of use and disuse | if a body part is used, that body part becomes larger and stronger, if it is not used, it deteriorates |  | 18 |
| 7931942496 | Hutton | Gradualism: believed that major changes such as earth today were shaped by slow and continuous processes. Gave clues to scientists that earth was much older than previously thought. (1795) |  | 19 |
| 7931942497 | Lyell | believed that geologic processes were operating at the same rate as in the past |  | 20 |
| 7931942498 | Cuvier | catastrophism: believed that the extinction of species was caused by catastrophic events such as floods |  | 21 |
| 7931942499 | Aristotle | believed species were fixed and unchanging bc they were perfectly created by god. He organized them on a scale of increasing complexity "scala naturae" |  | 22 |
| 7931942500 | Linnaeus | binomial nomenclature- introduced the classification of species into increasingly general groups |  | 23 |
| 7931942501 | Scala Naturae | Scale of nature that organized living things in order of complexity by Aristotle |  | 24 |
| 7931942502 | 5 observations and 3 inferences of evolution | obeservations: 1) limited resources 2) pops tend to be stable in size (only seasonal fluctuations) 3)population sizes inc exponentially if all individ bron reprod successfully 4) members of a pop vary in characterstics 5) variation is inheritable Inferences 1)overreproduction = struggle for existence = fraction of offspring exist 2) survival depends on inherited traits, adv traits = more likely to survive & reprod than other individ 3) gradual change in pop with more advanced charcteristics | 25 | |
| 7931942503 | Thomas Malthus | a population has the potential to increase faster than its resources and food supplies |  | 26 |
