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Biology Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

Mitosis and Meiosis and maybe some other biology 10th grade vocabulary.

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42127635Hypothesisa possible answer to a scientific question.0
42127636Independent AssortmentDuring meiosis the random distribution of genes from different chromosomes to the gametes. (pg. 154)1
42127637S-Phase* 2nd stage of interphase. -Cell DNA is copied.2
42127638Oogenesisproduction of eggs., development of ova3
42127639Autosomechromosomes in body cells 44- are autosomes 2 are sex chromosomes A chromosome that is not a SEX chromosome is a autosome.4
42127640Mitosis-Division of the nucleus -Process by which cells make a duplicate set of chromosomes Cell division has 2 parts: Division of nucleus (M Phase) Division of Cytoplasm.5
42127641Telophase4th Final phase of MITOSIS chromosomes lengthen chromosome 4th Final phase of MITOSIS chromosomes lengthen chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell and the cytoplasm begins to divide. es reach opposite poles of the cell and the cytoplasm begins to divide. , the final stage of meiosis or mitosis, in which the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells form around the two sets of chromosomes6
42127642Binary Fissiondivision of prokaryotic cell (lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelle) into 2 offspring cells: 1) prokaryotic cell 2)copied 3) cell begins to divide 4)2 identical haploid cells7
42127643Asexual ReproductionProducing offspring from ONE parent. Does not usually involve meiosis or union of gametes: **** Genetically identical to parent.8
42127644CytokinesisThe division of the cytoplasm of the cell. Cyto= Cytoplasm9
42127645HaploidA cell that only contains one set of chromosomes. Meiosis produces haploid cells. Human sperm cells, egg cells. contains only one set of chromosomes Haploid = 1n10
42127646SpermatogenesisProduction of sperm.11
42127647MeiosisMeiosis only takes place in testes & ovaries It is the process by which sperm and eggs are formed with 1/2 the number # of chromosomes12
42127648What are the phases of the cell cycle? Describe each .-G cell growth - S DNA replication -G2 preparation for cell division13
42127649ControlThe CONTROL is the part of the experiment in which the conditions are kept constant. An unchanging variable in an experiment.14
42127650G1 PhaseFirst Stage of interphase Offspring cells grow to mature size (cell growth)15
42127651G2 Phase3rd Stage of interphase. Cell prepares for cell division.16
42127652Sexual ReproductionProducing offspring [Through meiosis and the union of sperm & egg] with combination of genetic material from 2 parent organisms. (pg. 156)17
42127653Anaphase3rd phase of mitosis in which chromosomes separate at the centromere and slowly move centromere first toward opposite poles of dividing cell.18
42127654Crossing overcrossing over is a way that chromosomes randomly mix up genetic traits.19
42127655Diploid1n + 1n=2n 2n=diploid a cell that contains both chromosomes of homologous pair. -cells that have 2 SETS of chromosomes all normal human cells (except reproductive cells)20
42127656Gameteegg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair. sex cells (sperm, egg) in humans: meiosis produces haploid reproductive cells called gametes.21
42127657centromerethe region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis. The tight constricted area of each chromatid. The centromere holds the chromatids together until they separate in cell division.22
42127658Homologous chromosomeThe two copies of each autosome are called homologous chromosomes or homologues. , chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis.23
42127659Metaphase2ND stage mitosis the chromosomes line up alone midline of dividing cell. , the stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle24
42127660Cell PlateIn cytokinesis in plant cells, a membrane bound cell wall forms called CELL PLATE. A membrane that divides newly forming plant cells following mitosis. (similar to cleavage furrow in animal cells.) A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis25
42127661Cleavage furrowthe area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually separates the dividing cell. (pg. 151) cell membrane pinches in cell division.26
42127662Independent assortmentduring meiosis the random distribution of genes from different27
42127663Chromatideach 1/2 of the chromosome is called a chromatid, one of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis28
42127664What is the relationship relationship between chromosomes and genes.chromosome- threadlike structure made up of DNA (occur in pairs) Gene-is the segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a TRAIT. (occurs in pairs)29
42127665What are the stages of cell division? describe them.Mitosis- nucleus divides -prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase -CYTOKINESIS---cytoplasm of cell divides30
42127666Polar Bodya small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded31
42127668ProphaseThe FIRST STAGE of mitosis &meiosis, characterized by shortening of chromosomes -copied DNA coils into chromosomes.32
42127669Interphasethe period in the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell is not actually dividing. DNA replicates33

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