Biology terms and questions to study for the final exam in Honors Biology. (A-D)
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| 1078511454 | Abiotic Factor | Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of an organism's habitat. | 1 | |
| 1078511455 | Absorption | In optics, the transfer of light energy to particles of matter. | 2 | |
| 1078511456 | Accessory Pigment | Pigment that absorbs light at different wavelengths and then pass energy onto chlorophyll | 3 | |
| 1078511457 | Acclimation | An organism's change in response to a change in the organism's environment | 4 | |
| 1078511458 | Acid | Any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt | 5 | |
| 1078511459 | Active Transport | The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins. | 6 | |
| 1078511460 | Adapt | A changing to fit new conditions | 7 | |
| 1078511461 | Adaption | An inherited trait that has become common in a population because the trait provides a selective advantage | 8 | |
| 1078511462 | Adenine | A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base. | 9 | |
| 1078511463 | Adenosine Diphosphate | A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which ATP is formed | 10 | |
| 1078511464 | Adenosine Triphosphate | ATP Molecule in cells that stores and releases chemical energy for use in body cells. ATP plays a role in rigor mortis. | 11 | |
| 1078511465 | Adhesion | An attraction between molecules of different substances | 12 | |
| 1078511466 | Aerobic Respiration | (With oxygen) glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water the total oxidation allows for the maximum amount of energy to be released. | 13 | |
| 1078511467 | Age Structure | Describes the abundance of individuals of each age; Often shown in age structure diagrams. | 14 | |
| 1078511468 | Allel | An alternative form of a gene. | 15 | |
| 1078511469 | Allel Frequency | Number of times an allel occurs in a gene pool | 16 | |
| 1078511470 | Allergen | A substance that causes an allergic reaction | 17 | |
| 1078511471 | Allergy | An acquired, abnormal immune response to a substance that does not normally cause a reaction; may include medications, food, tape, and many other items | 18 | |
| 1078511472 | Alternation of Generations | The alternation between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte in a plant's life cycle | 19 | |
| 1078511473 | Animo Acids | A group of smaller moleculse that are the building blocks of proteins. | 20 | |
| 1078511474 | Ananphase | The 3rd phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes pairs separates & move toward the opposite pole | 21 | |
| 1078511475 | Angiosperm | A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. | 22 | |
| 1078511476 | Anther | In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form. | 23 | |
| 1078511477 | Antibiotic | ... | 24 | |
| 1078511478 | Antibody | A substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body | 25 | |
| 1078511479 | Anticodon | A sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that pairs with the complementary three-nucleotide codon of an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis. | 26 | |
| 1078511480 | Anaerobic Respiration | Respiration that does not require oxygen | 27 | |
| 1078511481 | Antigen | A protein or carbohydrate that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody | 28 | |
| 1078511482 | Aorta | Largest artery in the body | 29 | |
| 1078511483 | Aortic Valve | A semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta | 30 | |
| 1078511484 | Appendage | Any structure, such as a leg or an antenna, that grows out of an animals body | 31 | |
| 1078511485 | Arteriole | Blood vessels that are smaller branches off of arteries. | 32 | |
| 1078511486 | Artery | A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart | 33 | |
| 1078511487 | Anthropod | An invertabrate that has an external skeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages. | 34 | |
| 1078511488 | Asexual Reproduction | A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. | 35 | |
| 1078511489 | Atom | Smallest particle of an element | 36 | |
| 1078511490 | Atomic Number | Number of protons in an atom | 37 | |
| 1078511491 | ATP Synthase | Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP | 38 | |
| 1078511492 | Atrium | A heart chamber that receives blood. | 39 | |
| 1078511493 | Autotroph | An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones. | 40 | |
| 1078511494 | B cell | Cells manufactured in the bone marrow that create antibodies for isolating and destroying invading bacteria and viruses. | 41 | |
| 1078511495 | Base | A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. | 42 | |
| 1078511496 | Base Unit | One of the fundamental units of measurement that describes length, mass, time, and other quantities and from which other units are derived | 43 | |
| 1078511497 | Base-Paring Rule | A rule that pairs adenine with thymine, cytosine with guanine, and on RNA adenine with uracil | 44 | |
| 1078511498 | Binary Fission | A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size | 45 | |
| 1078511499 | Biodiversity | The amount of biological or living diversity per unit area. It includes the concepts of species diversity, habitat diversity and genetic diversity. | 46 | |
| 1078511500 | Biogeography | Geographic dist. of species meaning animals are closer together geographically are more alike than those separated. | 47 | |
| 1078511501 | Biomass | A measure of the total dry mass of organisms within a particular region | 48 | |
| 1078511502 | Biome | A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities | 49 | |
| 1078511503 | Biospehere | Cumulative total of living things on Earth and the areas they inhabit | 50 | |
| 1078511504 | Biotic Factor | A living or once living part of an organism's habitat | 51 | |
| 1078511505 | Birth Rate | The number of births in a population in a certain amount of time | 52 | |
| 1078511506 | Blood Pressure | Pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels, especially arteries, usually measured by means of a sphygmomanometer and expressed in millimeters of mercury. | 53 | |
| 1078511507 | Blood Type | A specific characteristic of a blood of an individual; A, B, AB, or O, depending on the type of antigen present on the surface of the red blood cell. | 54 | |
| 1078511508 | Botany | Study of plants | 55 | |
| 1078511509 | Buffer | A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution. | 56 | |
| 1078511510 | Cancer | Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division | 57 | |
| 1078511511 | Capillary | A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells. | 58 | |
| 1078511512 | Capsid | Outer protein coat of a virus | 59 | |
| 1078511513 | Capsule | A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some bacteria, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces. | 60 | |
| 1078511514 | Carbohydrate | Broken down to glucose to provide energy. | 61 | |
| 1078511515 | Carbon Cycle | The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again | 62 | |
| 1078511516 | Carbon Fixation | The conversion of inorganic carbon (for example, CO2) into organic forms (for example, sugars). | 63 | |
| 1078511517 | Cardiovascular System | Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood., Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. | 64 | |
| 1078511518 | Carrier Protein | A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane. | 65 | |
| 1078511519 | Carrying Capacity | Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support | 66 | |
| 1078511520 | Cast | A type of fossil formed when sediments fill in the cavity left by a decomposing organism. | 67 | |
| 1078511521 | Catalyst | A substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected | 68 | |
| 1078511522 | Cell | Basic unit of life | 69 | |
| 1078511523 | Cell Cycle | An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two. | 70 | |
| 1078511524 | Cell Differentiation | The structural and functional divergence of cells as they become specialized during a multicellular organism's development; dependent on the control of gene expression. | 71 | |
| 1078511525 | Cell Junction | Communication between cells; binding of cells in tissues | 72 | |
| 1078511526 | Cell Membrane | A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. | 73 | |
| 1078511527 | Cell Plate | A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis. | 74 | |
| 1078511528 | Cell Theory | The theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms | 75 | |
| 1078511529 | Cell Wall | Found outside the cell membrane, make mostly of cellulose. | 76 | |
| 1078511530 | Cellular Respiration | Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen | 77 | |
| 1078511531 | Central Nervous System | A brain and the spinal chord . | 78 | |
| 1078511532 | Centriole | Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only | 79 | |
| 1078511533 | Centromere | A specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape. | 80 | |
| 1078511534 | Chemical Bond | An attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or groups of atoms in a molecule or compound. | 81 | |
| 1078511535 | Chlorophyll | Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis | 82 | |
| 1078511536 | Chloroplast | A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. | 83 | |
| 1078511537 | Chromatid | Either of the two strands of a replicated chromosome joined at the centromere | 84 | |
| 1078511538 | Chromatin | Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell | 85 | |
| 1078511539 | Chromosome | Bodies within the nucleus made in DNA and proteins called the histones | 86 | |
| 1078511540 | Chromasome Map | A diagram of of allele positions on a chromosome. | 87 | |
| 1078511541 | Citric Acid | A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP | 88 | |
| 1078511542 | Class | In taxonomy, a group related to orders. | 89 | |
| 1078511543 | Cloaca | a muscular cavity at the end of the large intestine through which digestive wastes, urine, and eggs or sperm leave the body | 90 | |
| 1078511544 | Clone | a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual by some kind of asexual reproduction | 91 | |
| 1078511545 | Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance | 92 | |
| 1078511546 | Colony | A population of cells arising from a single cell or spore or from a group of attached cells | 93 | |
| 1078511547 | Community | A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other | 94 | |
| 1078511548 | Concentration | A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent | 95 | |
| 1078511549 | Concentration Gradient | A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance. | 96 | |
| 1078511550 | Cone | Cone-shaped visual receptor cells; located in retina; works best in bright light; responsible for viewing color; greatest density in the fovea | 97 | |
| 1078511551 | Contractile Vacuole | saclike organelles that expand to collect excess water and contract to squeeze the water out of the cell | 98 | |
| 1078511552 | Convection Cell | A circular pattern of air rising, air sinking, and wind. | 99 | |
| 1078511553 | Coronary Circulation | Circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue | 100 | |
| 1078511555 | Covalent Bond | A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule | 101 | |
| 1078511556 | Cuticle | A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants. | 102 | |
| 1078511557 | Cyst | A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated. | 103 | |
| 1078511558 | Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm during cell division | 104 | |
| 1078511559 | Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended | 105 | |
| 1078511560 | Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement | 106 | |
| 1090042485 | Death and Mortality Rate | The number of deaths occurring in a period of time. | 107 | |
| 1090042486 | Deciduous | Falling off or shedding, as in leaves seasonally or at certain stages of development | 108 | |
| 1090042487 | Decomposer | An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms | 109 | |
| 1090042488 | Dehydration | An abnormally low amount of water in the body. | 110 | |
| 1090042489 | Deletion | A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene. | 111 | |
| 1090042490 | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | A chemical that contains information that an organism needs for growth and function. | 112 | |
| 1090042491 | Dependent variable | A variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value depends in the independent variable | 113 | |
| 1090042492 | Development | The process in which an organism grows. | 114 | |
| 1090042493 | Differentiation | The structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function | 115 | |
| 1090042494 | Diffusion | Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and red blood cells. | 116 | |
| 1090042495 | Digestion | Breaking down food | 117 | |
| 1090042496 | Diploid | An organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number | 118 | |
| 1090042497 | Dispersion | In ecology, the pattern of distribution of organisms in a population. | 119 | |
| 1090042498 | Division | Division of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers based on their groups needs and their skills. | 120 | |
| 1090042499 | Domain | A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. | 121 | |
| 1090042500 | Dominate | To rule over by strength or power, control; to tower over, command due to height | 122 | |
| 1090042501 | Double fertilization | A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to form the zygote and endosperm. | 123 |
