Terms : Hide Images
| 2042344638 | Adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substance, particularly water molecules and other surfaces | 0 | |
| 2042344639 | Boiling point | the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor; for water, this is 100 degrees Celcius | 1 | |
| 2042344640 | Freezing point | the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid; the opposite of this is the melting point | 2 | |
| 2042344641 | Hydrogen bond | a bond that forms BETWEEN water molecules; contributes to cohesive properties; also found between bases in the structure of DNA | 3 | |
| 2042344642 | Hydrophilic | Attracted to water; likes water; polar molecules exhibit this property | 4 | |
| 2042344643 | Hydrophobic | Repels against water; non-polar substances like fatty acids and the tails of phospholipids (also fatty acids) exhibit this property | 5 | |
| 2042344644 | Solvent | The term used for a liquid or the liquid portion of a solution when dissolving things; Ex: Water | 6 | |
| 2042344645 | Methane | CH4; colorless flammable gas; fart burns well because of this; simplest member of alkanes; used to compare properties of water because hydrogen bonds are NOT formed between these molecules | 7 | |
| 2042344646 | Solubility | how much substance will dissolve in a given amount of liquid | 8 | |
| 2042344647 | covalent bond | A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule; the bonds WITHIN water molecules are these types of bonds | 9 | |
| 2042344648 | Electronegativity | A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons; explains why water is a polar molecules because the OXYGEN pulls electrons close to it, making it negatively charged while hydrogen becomes positively charged | 10 | |
| 2042344649 | Hydrogen bond | An INTER-molecular bond that explains water's high boiling point amongst other properties of water | 11 | |
| 2042344650 | permanent dipole reaction | when water molecules align with each other, they establish a weak bond | 12 | |
| 2042344651 | Covalent bond | a bond between two or more atoms that is provided by electrons that travel between the atoms nuclei | 13 | |
| 2042344652 | Melting point | the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid state; this is zero degrees for water | 14 | |
| 2042344653 | non-polar | hypdrophobic; repels water | 15 | |
| 2042344654 | polar | hydrophillic; attracts water | 16 | |
| 2042344655 | ammonia | a molecule that consists of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms | 17 | |
| 2042344656 | catabolism | the breaking down of complex molecules into simpler molecules, energy is released; | 18 | |
| 2042344657 | hydrolysis | chemical reaction which cause molecules of water to split into hydrogen cations and hydrogen anions; type of reaction used to break down certain polymers; opposite of condensation | 19 | |
| 2042344658 | Methane | Chemical compound with formula CH4; simplest alkane and the main component of natural gas | 20 | |
| 2042344659 | adhesion | when water is attracted to other substances; not water | 21 | |
| 2042344660 | thermal | high heat capacity and heat of vaporization are examples of this type of property of water | 22 | |
| 2042344661 | vaporisation | When a substance converts from a solid or a liquid to a gas | 23 | |
| 2042344662 | oligopeptide | fewer than 20 amino acids, but more than 2 | 24 | |
| 2042344663 | genes | made up of four bases. A's, C's, G's and T's. Unit of heredity. Made up of DNA and act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. Found in chromosomes | 25 | |
| 2042344664 | codons | Made up of three bases, and one of these provides the instructions to form an amino acid. A full set of these are called a genetic code | 26 | |
| 2042344665 | immunoglobin | A type of protein that is also known as an antibody. They have sites at the tips of their two arms that bind to antigens on bacteria or other pathogens. | 27 | |
| 2042344666 | insulin | Hormone secreted from the pancreas; regulates metabolism of carbohydrates and fat. Diabetes patients either don't produce enough of this, OR, their body may not respond to this properly. | 28 | |
| 2042344667 | collagen | Class of extracellular proteins found in animals, especially skin, bone, cartilage, tendon, and teeth. Serves as connective tissue between cells. | 29 | |
| 2042344668 | substrate | the molecule upon which an enzyme acts; binds to the active site; starch is an example of this if salivary amylase is the enzyme | 30 | |
| 2042344669 | pH | the scale that measures how acidic or basic a liquid is; | 31 | |
| 2070425223 | pH | this factor affects enzyme activity by having higher or lower concentrations of protons (hydrogen ions) that will interact with existing charges to possibly change the shape of the enzyme protein active site, rendering it unable to bind to bind to substrates and hence become denatured | 32 | |
| 2070432111 | glucose |  | 33 | |
| 2070433165 | ribose |  | 34 | |
| 2070434502 | fatty acids | these molecules are examples of |  | 35 |
| 2070435343 | glycerol | "oh, oh, oh" |  | 36 |
| 2070437316 | dissacharide | This molecule, consisting of two monosaccharides is known, in general, as a _______ |  | 37 |
| 2070448116 | amino acid |  | 38 | |
| 2070449321 | starch |  | 39 | |
| 2042344670 | disaccharides | a type of carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides (monosaccharides are the simplest form of sugar); i.e. glucose (mono) + fructose (mono) = sucrose (di) | 40 | |
| 2042344671 | condensation | A type of reaction that involves to the joining of two sub-unit molecules which yields a water molecule as a result | 41 | |
| 2042344672 | galactose | Abbreviated "Gal"; monosaccharide sugar, less sweet than fructose or glucose; C6H12O6; a component of the disaccharide molecule, lactose | 42 | |
| 2042344673 | fructose | a type of monosaccharide that is very sweet and is often blamed for unhealthy diets | 43 | |
| 2042344674 | polysaccharides | numerous chains of monosaccharides; starch is an example of this as well as cellulose and glycogen | 44 | |
| 2042344675 | cellulose | the main component of cell walls and a polysaccharide | 45 | |
| 2042344676 | glycogen | a type of polysaccharide that is the storage carbohydrate of animals; stored in the liver; composed of many units of glucose molecules; NOT stored in plants in this form, but rather as starch | 46 | |
| 2042344677 | starch | A polysaccharide carbohydrate (C6H10O5) consisting of a large number of glucose monosaccharide units; storage of glucose in plants | 47 | |
| 2042344678 | solubility | A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature. | 48 | |
| 2042344679 | lipids | a substance that is insoluble in water, its sub-units are glycerol and fatty acids; also known as fats or triglycerides | 49 | |
| 2042344680 | triglyceride | These are formed by condensation from three fatty acids and one glycerol. | 50 | |
| 2042344681 | phospholipids | component of the bilayer in the cell membrane; is a type of lipid (fat) | 51 | |
| 2042344682 | steroids | A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached. | 52 | |
| 2042344683 | carbon compound | carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, and proteins are all types of ____ _____; the basis of ORGANIC molecules | 53 | |
| 2042344684 | hydrocarbon chain | chain of carbon atoms bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms, tail of a fatty acid * | 54 | |
| 2042344685 | glycerol | A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils. | 55 | |
| 2042344686 | fatty acid | long chains of carbons and is present in the form of glycerides in fats and fatty oils; can be of various forms including saturated, unsaturated, mono-, poly-, cis-, and trans- | 56 | |
| 2042344687 | carboxyl group | -COOH; makes things "cool" like an acid:); found in amino acids and fatty acids | 57 | |
| 2042344688 | saturated fats | Fatty acid chains lack double bonds; therefore, the chains pack tightly, solid at room temp and bad fats, major source is animals | 58 | |
| 2042344689 | unsaturated fats | A fat that has fewer hydrogen atoms because double bonds exist among some of the carbon atoms. | 59 | |
| 2042344690 | monounsaturated | Only one double bond between carbons; A fatty acid whose molecular structure includes only one double carbon bond. | 60 | |
| 2042344691 | polyunsaturated | More than one double bonds between carbons; A type of fat containing double bonds between many carbon atoms. | 61 | |
| 2042344692 | cis unsaturated | Hydrogen atoms are bonded to carbon atoms on the same side of a double bond. | 62 | |
| 2042344693 | trans unsaturated | Are lipids that have hydrogen bonds on opposite sides of the double-bond structure | 63 | |
| 2042344694 | double bond | covalent bonds linking 2 atoms in a molecule; A covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms | 64 | |
| 2042344695 | obesity | medical condition in which excess body fat has a negative effect on health; quite common in the United States | 65 | |
| 2042344696 | heart disease | Also known as Cardio Vascular Disease, disease of the heart and blood vessels of the body and brain. | 66 | |
| 2042344697 | R group | a functional group that defines a particular amino acid and gives it special properties. | 67 | |
| 2042344698 | amino acids | building block of proteins that consists of an amine group+carboxyl group | 68 | |
| 2042344699 | hydrogen bond | the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom (often oxygen) of a different molecule. | 69 | |
| 2042344700 | peptide bond | Covalent chemical bond formed between two amino acid molecules. | 70 | |
| 2042344701 | polypeptide | main component of protein, chain of amino acids | 71 | |
| 2042344702 | gene | segments of DNA in chromosomes; exists in alternate forms called alleles; codes for proteins | 72 | |
| 2042344703 | proteome | entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism at a certain time. | 73 | |
| 2042344704 | polypeptide | A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. | 74 | |
| 2042344706 | primary structure | the sequence of amino acids of the protein structure | 75 | |
| 2042344707 | secondary structure | hydrogen bond of alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet contribute to this level of protein structure | 76 | |
| 2042344708 | tertiary structure | 3D shape of single polypeptide using hydrogen, hydrophobic forces, ionic, covalent, disulfide bonding | 77 | |
| 2042344709 | quatenary structure | multi-subunit protein and how the subunits fits together | 78 | |
| 2042344710 | protein | A molecule of chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds | 79 | |
| 2042344711 | sucrose | two monosaccharides put together (disaccharides) Glucose + Fructose | 80 | |
| 2042344712 | fructose | A 6-carbon monosaccharide in the form of a ring structure. The sweetest of all natural sugars. | 81 | |
| 2042344713 | amino group | A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms | 82 | |
| 2042344714 | transparency | Allowing light to pass through so that objects can be clearly seen on the other side; the opposite of opaque; a property of water that allows aquatic plants to photosynthesize | 83 | |
| 2042344715 | cholesterol | A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids. | 84 | |
| 2042344716 | fibrous protein | (Structural proteins) Insoluble in water; chief building materials of the body; usually used to construct connective tissues, tendons, bone matrix and muscle fiber. Insoluble in water and their polypeptide chains form long strands that are parallel to each other. | 85 | |
| 2042344717 | globular protein | These proteins are water soluble and have catalytic and regulatory roles in cells; enzymes, hormones, immunoglobins are examples of these | 86 | |
| 2042344718 | denaturation | when protein or nucleic acids lose quaternary, tertiary, and secondary structures | 87 | |
| 2042344719 | hemoglobin | protein that helps transport oxygen via red blood cells throughout the body | 88 | |
| 2042344720 | integrin | Cell surface receptor proteins that are built into the plasma membrane | 89 | |
| 2042344721 | electrophoresis | A process where DNA fragments are separated according to size using electrical charges; A technique for separating macromolecules (proteins, RNA, DNA) on a gel using an electric field. | 90 | |
| 2070393027 | substrate | "A" refers to a: |  | 91 |
| 2070555454 | urea | the artificial production of THIS molecule provided evidence to FALSIFY the idea of VITALISM; A soluble nitrogenous waste produced in the liver by a metabolic cycle that combines ammonia with carbon dioxide; | 92 | |
| 2070556463 | four | number of bonds formed by a carbon atom | 93 | |
| 2070558786 | Metabolism | the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. | 94 | |
| 2070564434 | vitalism | The belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws | 95 | |
| 2070566540 | anabolism | Constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. | 96 | |
| 2070569482 | anabolism | the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions | 97 | |
| 2070570488 | catabolism | the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers. | 98 | |
| 2070574580 | ribose | you should be able to draw this molecule; a monosaccharide that is found in DNA |  | 99 |
| 2070624729 | sugar | monosaccharides and disaccharides are types of ______; another word for small carbohydrates | 100 | |
| 2070631989 | monomer | A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers | 101 | |
| 2070634370 | amylose | 1 form of starch structure made up of linear chains of several hundred glucose molecules | 102 | |
| 2070634588 | amylopectin | 1 form of starch structure where the glucose chains are branched. The linkage is between carbon 1 of the branch and carbon 6 of the glucose residue. | 103 |
