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| 10814671045 | Three critical research areas of Biotechnology are- | 1) providing the best catalyst (as a microbe/ even pure enzyme) 2) Creating opteimal temperature for that catalyst to act (using genetic engg) 3) Downstream processing tech to purify the product obtained | 0 | |
| 10814800603 | Three ways to increase food production | 1) Agro- Chemical based 2) Organic agriculture/ Farming 3) Genetically engineered crops- based agriculture | 1 | |
| 10814826987 | What was the first success of the Green revolution | Tripled the food supply but it was still not enough for feeding the need of the growing population | 2 | |
| 10814848193 | Hinderances of Green revolution | Agrochemicals were expensive Further inc. in yields of existing var. with conventional methods was not possible Cost and hamful effects of fertilisers and pesticides The fact that farmers minimised the use of chemicals required | 3 | |
| 10814895338 | Possible solution to hinderances of Green revolution | Genetically modified crops (doraemon gadget voice) | 4 | |
| 10816020236 | How are crops genetically modified for better yeild? | By gene addition/ subtraction | 5 | |
| 10816030388 | Transgenic organisms | Organisms whose genes have been altered by manipulation/ genetically modified organisms | 6 | |
| 10816119276 | Uses of genetically recombinant plants | Crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses. Pest-resistant crops. Reduce post harvest losses. Prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil. Enhanced nutritional value of food. | 7 | |
| 10816233156 | Key feature of golden rice | Increased Vitamin A and Iron content | 8 | |
| 10816421840 | What are golden rice? | Transgenic variety of oryza Sativa with good quantity of b-carotene/ provitamin A which is golden in colour | 9 | |
| 10816453918 | Where are the genes for synthesis of b-carotene in golden rice taken from? | Daffodil (narcissus pseudonarcissus) | 10 | |
| 10816521876 | Which plant is tailor made for production of hirudin? | Grapes (Brasicca napus). Here transgenic product is our product of interest | 11 | |
| 10818327300 | Possible alternate to industry fuels | From Oil seed | 12 | |
| 10818355777 | How was hirudin gene introduced in brassica nupus? | Chemically synthesised the gene and transformed by Agrobacterium tumeficium | 13 | |
| 10818410062 | In what form is hirudin produced in the transgenic plants? | There the transgenic product is the product of interest. It just accumulates and is extracted from the seeds | 14 | |
| 10818538925 | How did bacteria (b. thurengiensis) develop defence against insects that eat them? | By creating an inactive antitoxin during sporulation which gets activated by proteases (alkaline conditions in the gut) of the insect. toxin gets cleaved hence becoming active and damages epithelium by pores which causes lysis, the insect is unable t feed and starves to death | 15 | |
| 10818829897 | Name of endotoxin | Bt toxin | 16 | |
| 10818877347 | How are Bt plants made? | Using the vector adrobacterium tumfaciens to produce a transgenic plant | 17 | |
| 10818891175 | Which gene is incorporated to make plants resistant to such pests? | The choice of gene depends mostly on the crop and the pest as most endotoxins are insect group specific | 18 | |
| 10819021550 | Examples of transgenic plants with Bt-endotoxin | Cotton, corn, rice, tomato, potato, soyabean | 19 | |
| 10819076086 | Gene that encodes the toxin | *cry* | 20 | |
| 10819099547 | Which protiens control cotton bollworm | Coded by cryIAc and cryIIAb | 21 | |
| 10819110859 | Which protiens control cornborer? | coded by cryIAb | 22 | |
| 10857950096 | GENE////////////////////////// | SUBTRACION////////////////////////// | 23 | |
| 10857950097 | Example of use of anti sense RNA for abiotic stresses | Flavr Savr | 24 | |
| 10857974933 | How is anti sense rna induced to make Flavr Savr tomato? | By transforming recombinant plasmid with RNA sequence (complementary to the one responsible for enzyme p.galacturonase) into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and then allowing bacteria to infect tomato stem segments | 25 | |
| 10857956310 | Who developed the tomato variety Flavr Savr? | Calgene | 26 | |
| 10857960417 | Modification in Flavr Savr transgenic tomato | Expression of a native tomato gene is blocked | 27 | |
| 10857964689 | What enzyme does the gene codes in tomato? | Polygalacturonase, which helps in softening of fruit by dissolving cell wall constituents | 28 | |
| 10858000503 | How many recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use? | 30 | 29 | |
| 10858009341 | How many recombinant (from human DNA) therapeutics have been approved for human use in India? | 12 | 30 | |
| 10858077377 | How was insulin primarily obtained? | From pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs | 31 | |
| 10858091535 | Why was insulin from non-human sources not prepared? | Because it would illicit unwanted immunological responses | 32 | |
| 10858289894 | Why can insulin not be taken orally? | It is a protein it would be digested off in the alimentary canal | 33 | |
| 10858296770 | Constituents of insulin (mature) | A chain- 21 amino acids B chain- 30 amino acids A-B chains are joint together by disulphide bonds | 34 | |
| 10858317008 | Difference between proinsulin and mature insulin | Prohormone contains an extra C-chain which is removed during maturation | 35 | |
| 10858338535 | How many amino acids are present in the C-chain of insulin? | 31 | 36 | |
| 10858342026 | How many amino acids are present in proinsulin | 86 | 37 | |
| 10858350393 | Where is C-chain dissected? | When proinsulin is transported through the Golgi apparatus the C-peptide is cleaved | 38 | |
| 10858363328 | Difference between A and B chains of Insulin | An additional disulfide is formed within the A chain | 39 | |
| 10858470591 | Why is C-chain of Human insulin cleaved? | o achieve proper folding | 40 | |
| 10858368266 | Main challenge for artificially producing insulin | To get Insulin assembled in a mature form | 41 | |
| 10858380732 | Who produced the first artificial Insulin? | Eli Lilly (An American company) | 42 | |
| 10858388577 | When was the first artificial insulin produced? | 1983 | 43 | |
| 10858391246 | How did Eli Lilly make Insulin? | Prepared two *DNA sequences* corresponding to A and B chains (of insulin) separately. Then transformed the genetic sequences into E.Coli by pBR322 to produce *A and B chains of Insulin* separately and then extracting them and combining by creating disulfide bonds between them; to produce human insulin | 44 | |
| 10858436212 | Which selectable marker is used to identify recombinant E.coli with Insulin gene? | lac z gene (blue-white screening) | 45 |
