Alan Brinkley's American History Textbook Chapter 13
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| 1388285895 | Manifest Destiny | A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific. | 0 | |
| 1388285896 | Stephen Douglas | American politician from Illinois who developed the method of popular sovereignty as a way to settle slave state or free state. He helped passed the compromise of 1850 as well as giving the states the choice with popular sovereignty. | 1 | |
| 1388285897 | The Alamo | Santa Anna easily defeated the unorganized Americans in San Antonio. 1836 | 2 | |
| 1388285898 | Battle of San Jacinto | Sam Houston defeated the Mexicans and captured Santa Anna and forced him to sign a treaty that made Texas independent. April 21, 1836 | 3 | |
| 1388285899 | Texas Annexation | 1845. Originally refused in 1837, as the U.S. Government believed that the annexation would lead to war with Mexico. Texas remained a sovereign nation. Annexed via a joint resolution through Congress, supported by President-elect Polk, and approved in 1845. Land from the Republic of Texas later bacame parts of NM, CO, OK, KS, and WY. | 4 | |
| 1388285900 | Gadsden Purchase | (1853) U.S. purchase of land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico; set the current borders of the contiguous United States (the U.S. states, minus Hawaii, Alaska, and commonwealth of Puerto Rico) | 5 | |
| 1388285901 | The Mexican War | 1846-1848 , Mexico broke relations with USA after annexation of Texas. Also, dispute over boundary of Texas. Americans interested in New Mexico and California, as well. Polk sent Slidell to try and buy off the Mexicans... they wouldn't budge. Polk ordered Taylor to move army across Nueces River to the Rio Grande- stayed stationed for a while,finally Mexicans crossed river and attacked "MEXICANS" started the war (NOT). America got New Mexico and California, ended with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. | 6 | |
| 1388285902 | John Brown | (1800-1859) anti-slavery advocate who believed that God had called upon him to abolish slavery. May or may not have been mentally unstable. Devoted over 20 years to fighting slavery, due to misunderstanding, in revenge he and his followers (his sons and others) killed five men in the pro slavery settlement of Pottawatomie Creek. Triggered dozens of incidents throughout Kansas some 200 people were killed. Was executed (hung), still debated over whether he is a saint or killer. | 7 | |
| 1388285903 | Popular Sovereignty | Notion that the people of a territory should determine if they want to be a slave state or a free state. | 8 | |
| 1388285904 | James Buchanan | (1857-1861) The Confederate States of America are formed in 1861. He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both North and South, and he was unable to forestall the secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860. Lecompton Constitution supporter. | 9 | |
| 1388285905 | Henry Clay | Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however. | 10 | |
| 1388285906 | Lincoln-Douglas Debates | 1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate | 11 | |
| 1388285907 | Daniel Webster | Leader of the Whig Party, originally pro-North, supported the Compromise of 1850 | 12 | |
| 1388285908 | General Santa Anna | As dictator of Mexico, he led the attack on the Alamo in 1836. He was later defeated by Sam Houston at San Jacinto. Tried to crush texas rebellion. | 13 | |
| 1388285909 | Fugitive Slave Act | 1850- a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders | 14 | |
| 1388285910 | Transcontinental Railroad | Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west | 15 | |
| 1388285911 | James K. Polk | 'dark horse' candidate for president; slave owning southerner who becomes Democratic candidate for President in 1844; expansionist (Manifest Destiny) | 16 | |
| 1388285912 | Republican Party | 1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories | 17 | |
| 1388285913 | Wilmont Proviso | An amendment to an 1846 military appropriations bill, proposing that none of the territory acquired in the war with Mexico would be open to slavery. | 18 | |
| 1388285914 | Election of 1856 | In this presidential election, Democrat James Buchanan defeated Republican candidate John C. Fremont. He won the general election by denouncing the abolitionists, promising not to allow any interference with the Compromise of 1850, and supporting the principle of noninterference by Congress with slavery in the territories. | 19 | |
| 1388285915 | California Gold Rush | 1849 (San Francisco 49ers) Gold discovered in California attracted a rush of people all over the country to San Francisco. | 20 | |
| 1388285916 | Dred Scott Decision | 1857- Supreme Court decision that deemed the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, declared slaves to be "property" that could not be removed without due process (Fifth Amendment). | 21 | |
| 1388285917 | Election of 1860 | Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union. | 22 | |
| 1388285918 | Stephen Austin | Original settler of Texas, granted land from Mexico on condition of no slaves, convert to Roman Catholic, and learn Spanish | 23 | |
| 1388285919 | Free Soil Party | Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory. | 24 | |
| 1388285920 | Franklin Pierce | Democrat (1853-1857), Candidate from the North who could please the South. His success in securing the Gadsden Purchase was overshadowed by the controversy surrounding the Ostend Manifesto, the Kansas Nebraska Act and "Bleeding Kansas." Passions over slavery had been further inflamed, and the North and South were more irreconcilable than before. He succeeded only in splitting the country further apart. | 25 | |
| 1388285921 | Oregon Trail | 2000 mile long path along which thousands of Americans journeyed to the Willamette Valley in the 1840's. | 26 | |
| 1388285922 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. | 27 | |
| 1388285923 | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | (1848) treaty signed by the U.S. and Mexico that officially ended the Mexican-American War; Mexico had to give up much of its northern territory to the U.S (Mexican Cession); in exchange the U.S. gave Mexico $15 million and said that Mexicans living in the lands of the Mexican Cession would be protected | 28 | |
| 1388285924 | Slave Power Conspiracy | The concept that the South was trying to extend slavery throughout the nation and thus trying to destroy the openness of northern capitalism and replace it with the closed, aristocratic system of the South | 29 | |
| 1388285925 | Election of 1848 | Candidates: 1. Zachary Taylor-winner, honest, ignorant (whig) 2. Martin Van Buren (Free Soil Party- made slavery an issue) 3. Lewis Cass-father of popular sovereignty (Democrat). Zachary Taylor became president, died in office, making his vice president Millard Fillmore president | 30 | |
| 1388285926 | Know Nothing Party | 1856-Group of prejudice people who formed a political party during the time when the KKK grew. Anti-Catholics and anti-foreign. They were also known as the American Party. | 31 | |
| 1388285927 | John C. Calhoun | (1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class. | 32 |
