Alan Brinkley's American History Textbook, Chapter 14
Terms : Hide Images
| 1012680512 | Secession | December 1860, a special convention in SC voted to secede; FL, GA, AL, MI, LA, TX did the same; the 7 states met in Montgomery, AL and created the Confederate States of America; placed limits on the government's power to impose tarrifs and restrict slavery; President was Senator Jefferson Davis of MI and Alexander Stephens of GA | |
| 1012680513 | Copperheads | A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War | |
| 1012680514 | Confiscation Acts | authorized the confiscation of any Confederate property by Union forces. This meant that all slaves that fought or worked for the Confederate military were freed whenever they were "confiscated" by Union troops | |
| 1012680515 | Homestead Act | 1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration. | |
| 1012680516 | Confederate Conscription Act | Created in 1862, this act forced all white men between 18 and 35 years old to three years of military service. There was a substitute, but typically only the rich could buy their way out of this mandatory military service. Additionally, men with twenty slaves or more working on their plantation were also not forced to fight. These parts of the act led to the argument from the poor that, "It's a rich man's war but a poor man's fight". This act was repealed in 1863 due to the opposition it received from the poor Americans who agreed with the argument above. | |
| 1012680517 | Ex Parte Milligan | 1866 - Supreme Court ruled that military trials of civilians were illegal unless the civil courts are inoperative or the region is under marshall law. | |
| 1012680518 | Election of 1854 | James Buchanan(Dem) defeats John C Fremont (rep) | |
| 1012680519 | Fort Sumter | April 12, 1861. Virtual declaration of war by Lincoln. 1st shot of the civil war. Only casualty 1 confederate horse. first shot that started civil war | |
| 1012680520 | US Sanitary Commission | Est. 1861- Founded with the help of Elizabeth Blackwell, the government agency trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an effort to help the Union Army. The commission help professionalize nursing and gave many women the confidence and organizational skills to propel the women's movement in the postwar years. | |
| 1012680521 | National Banks Act | 1863-1864, created new national banking system. Existing or newly formed banks could join the sstem if they had enough capital &were willing to invest 1/3 of it in gov securities. In return they could issue US Treasury notes as currency. Eliminated much of the chaos &uncertainty in nation's currency &created a uniform system of national bank notes | |
| 1012680522 | Confederate States of America | A republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States | |
| 1012680523 | Crittenden Compromise | 1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans | |
| 1012680524 | Emancipation Proclamation | (AL) , Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free | |
| 1012680525 | Morill Land Grant Act | In 1862, this act gave public land to state governments to sell. The money was to be used to finance public education. This led to the formation of many state schools and colleges 4: 1825-1865 | |
| 1012680526 | General George McClellan | President Lincoln appointed him commander of Union forces in 1861. After months of preparation however, his army was defeated by Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army in the Peninsular Campaign of 1862. His egotism and overcautiousness cost the Union the chance to end the Civil War quickly and finally forced President Abraham Lincoln to relieve him of command after Antietam in 1862. Thereafter, he identified with the political opposition to Lincoln and in 1864 ran unsuccessfully for president as a Democrat. | |
| 1012680527 | Union Pacific and Central | The railroad companies were chartered to work together to create the first transcontinental railroad. One was to begin in Omaha, Nebraska, and end in California. Irish men were the main labor force. The other began in California and Chinese men laid the tracks. | |
| 1012680528 | General Robert E. Lee | Commander of the Confederate Army. Confederate general who did not support succession but was loyal to his home state of Virginia; won many important battles, such as the First Battle of Bull Run, but surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse. Was offered by Lincoln to lead the Union Army but was loyal to his home state Virginia when they seceded from the Union. | |
| 1012680529 | National Draft Law | Since there was a decline in enlistments, Congress passed this in March 1863. Virtually all young adult males were eligible to be drafted; but a man could escape service by hiring someone to go in his place or by paying the government a fee of $300. | |
| 1012680530 | Habeas Corpus | Constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment | |
| 1012680531 | Battle of Gettysburg | 1863, this three day battle was the bloodiest of the entire Civil War, ended in a Union victory, and is considered the turning point of the war | |
| 1012680532 | Appomattox Courthouse | April 1865., the Virginia town where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in 1865, ending the Civil War | |
| 1012680533 | General Ulysses S. Grant | In 1864, President Lincoln placed this victorious commander at Vicksburg in command of all Union forces. He slowly battered Lee's armies into submission around Richmond in 1864-1865, and received Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. He was elected president in 1868 and 1872 and guided the nation through the difficult period of Reconstruction. His scandal-ridden administration seemed to suggest a transition into a new "gilded age." | |
| 1012680534 | Greenbacks | Name given to paper money issued by the government during the Civil War, so called because the back side was printed with green ink. They were not redeemable for gold, but $300 million were issued anyway. Farmers hit by the depression wanted to inflate the notes to cover losses, but Grant vetoed an inflation bill and greenbacks were added to permanent circulation. In 1879 the federal government finally made greenbacks redeemable for gold. | |
| 1012680535 | King Cotton Diplomacy | Southerners believed that they could counter the strength of British antislavery forces by arguing that the English and French textile industries needed Southern cotton. English had a surplus of raw cotton and goods, and could handle a break of access to American cotton, so the "King Cotton Diplomacy" didn't get the South anywhere. | |
| 1012680536 | Repeating Weapons | both sides had obvious change in character of warfare used in battle. the most imp was the introduction of repeating weapons. Samuel cold had patented a repeating pistol (revolver) but more imp for military purposes was the repeating rifle, introduced by Oliver Winchester. Greatly improved cannons and artillery, a result of advances in iron and steel technology. battlefield= more chaotic | |
| 1012680537 | March to the Sea | Fall 1864-As Sherman crossed Georgia he and his soldiers destroyed most of Atlanta if not all, crops, resources, pretty much burned Georgia to the ground. After Capturing Atlanta and march to Savannah, making him the most hated person by the South. | |
| 1012680538 | Ironclads | Wooden ships with metal armor that were employed by both sides during the Civil War. | |
| 1012680539 | New York City Draft Riots | July 1863 just after the Battle at Gettysburg. Mobs of Irish working-class men and women roamed the streets for four days until federal troops suppressed them. They loathed the idea of being drafted to fight a war on behalf of slaves who, once freed, would compete with them for jobs. | |
| 1012680540 | Antietam | (AL), 1862, the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After this "win" for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation | |
| 1012680541 | William T. Sherman | A successful Union general who implemented the tactic of "total war" in order to defeat the South. Led successful military campaign to conquer Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. |
