APUSH Brinkley- A Survey American History the 12th edition From Stalemate to Crisis
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| 1198039126 | Civil War pensions | money given to veterans and their widows | |
| 1198039127 | Patronage | granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support | |
| 1198039128 | Roscoe Conkling | leader of the Stalwarts | |
| 1198039129 | Stalwarts & Halfbreeds | Republican factions Stalwarts: supported political machines/party patronage Half-Breeds: favored some civil service reform | |
| 1198039130 | James G. Blaine | leader of the Half-Breed faction | |
| 1198039131 | Election of 1880 | James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur (Republicans)-v- Winfield Scott (Democrat). Garfield won election, but was assassinated, and Arthur took over the presidency | |
| 1198039132 | James Garfield | 20th President of the United States, assassinated early into his presidency | |
| 1198039133 | Chester A. Arthur | Garfield's vice president, took office when Garfield was assassinated | |
| 1198039134 | Pendleton Act | 1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons | |
| 1198039135 | Election of 1884 | Republicans nominate Half-Breed James Blaine again, but there is no major difference between Blaine, and Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland. Cleveland wins | |
| 1198039136 | "Mugwumps" | reform minded Republicans who support the honest Democratic candidate Cleveland over their own candidate Blaine | |
| 1198039137 | Grover Cleveland | in his first term, Cleveland wanted to streamline the government, and he didn't believe that the government should help those in need. he supported a tariff reduction, because he thought congress had too much money, and he doubled civil service jobs. | |
| 1198039138 | Election of 1888 | Cleveland-v-Ben Harrison (war hero) with the votes from NY, Cleveland would have won, but Harrison wins the election | |
| 1198039139 | Benjamin Harrison | 23rd President; Republican, poor leader, introduced the McKinley Tariff and increased federal spending to a billion dollars | |
| 1198039140 | Sherman Anti-trust Act | First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison, but not productive in protecting against these monopolies. | |
| 1198039141 | McKinley Tariff | sets the highest rates ever, stops international trade, and hurts Republicans | |
| 1198039142 | Election of 1890 | Congressional election where Democrats took a majority, and where the Farmers Alliance first won some seats | |
| 1198039143 | Election of 1892 | Cleveland defeats Harrison (both are very similar except for their opinions on tariffs: Democrats want tariff reduction, and Republicans want a protective tariff) and wins the office back. Populist James Weaver wins 22 electoral votes. | |
| 1198039144 | Wilson-Gorman Tariff | raises sugar duties | |
| 1198039145 | Granger Laws | A set of laws designed to address railroad discrimination against small farmers, covering issues like freight rates and railroad rebates. | |
| 1198039146 | Wabash Case | the supreme court case that said the grange laws were unconstitutional because they regulated interstate commerce which only the federal govt is supposed to do | |
| 1198039147 | Interstate Commerce Act | regulated the railroads. said the railroads had to regularly publish their rates, and they could not discriminate against routes due to distance. all rates had to be just and reasonable. | |
| 1198039148 | Grange: membership, goals, actions | The Grange wanted to protect farmers by circumventing the middle man. They gained power in state government and passed laws controlling railroad rates etc, but the Grange was defeated by the supreme court because they couldn't control interstate commerce. | |
| 1198039149 | Panic of 1873 | Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver) | |
| 1198039150 | Alliances | women began to play a prominent role in the alliance. the alliance looked for the same things as the Grange, but on a larger scale. the alliance wanted all society to change and promote helpfulness and cooperation and go against concentration of power and competition | |
| 1198039151 | Mary E. Lease | fiery populists orator; "raise less corn and more hell" | |
| 1198039152 | People's party | also known as the populists appealed mostly to farmers engaged in small scale farming culturally marginal, but wanted free silver | |
| 1198039153 | "free silver" | wanted silver to back currency | |
| 1198039154 | "Colored Alliances" | originally a part of the Populist platform, but these alliances faded when whites demanded they retain control | |
| 1198039155 | "Southern demagogue" | populism created the southern demagogue, consisting of poor southerners who rose up against the aristocratic elite (who traditionally owned the poor people) | |
| 1198039156 | Omaha Platform | the 1892 platform of the Populist party repudiating laissez-faire and demanding economic and political reform | |
| 1198039157 | Panic of 1893 | Philadelphia/Reading railroads declared bankruptcy, National Cordage Company failed also contributing were: depressed agriculture price, European depressions, and quick railroad expansions | |
| 1198039158 | Crime of '73 | silver wants the government to need/want their silver, farmers want inflation | |
| 1198039159 | "Coxey's Army" | public works program to create jobs/inflate currency marched to Washington with demands | |
| 1198039160 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act and its repeal | required government to purchase silver with gold, repealed when gold reserves weakened | |
| 1198039161 | Mark Hanna | business mogul, financial power behind McKinley's nomination and his subsequent campaign for president; promised a strong and prosperous industrial nation; a mass media genius | |
| 1198039162 | William McKinley | 25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist | |
| 1198039163 | "Cross of Gold" Speech | An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the "gold bugs" who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold. | |
| 1198039164 | "Great Commoner" | Nickname for William Pitt, the Organizer of Victory | |
| 1198039165 | "Front-porch" campaign | In 1896, William McKinley conducted this low-key campaign wherein he never left his Canton, Ohio home. Large crowds of spectators were brought to his home to meet the candidate. This campaign contrasted sharply with McKinley'sopposing candidate, William Jennings Bryan, who gave over 600 speeches and traveled many miles all over the United States to campaign. McKinley outdid this by spending about twice as much money. McKinley won this election. | |
| 1198039166 | Election of 1896 | Republican William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan. Bryan was the nominee of the Democrats, the Populist Party, and the Silver Republicans.Economic issues, including bimetallism, the gold standard, Free Silver, and the tariff, were crucial. | |
| 1198039167 | Currency Act of 1900 | nation committed to the gold standard/specific value |
