american history
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| 292729500 | Trade with Europe at the start of the war/ naval blockade | the US had economic ties to Britain. the British naval blockade on Germany made it nearly impossible for other European nations to trade with Germany, and very difficult for the US to trade with Germany | |
| 292729501 | "unlimited" submarine warfare | Policy enacted by Germany declaring they would sink all ships, including America's, in the war zone | |
| 292729502 | Lusitania | a British passenger liner sunk by German submarines, led to increased tensions between the Alliance and the Entente | |
| 292729503 | Wilson's response to the Lusitania | Wilson demanded Germany end unrestricted submarine warfare. Germany agrees, but resumes the practice after the Allies bagan arming merchant ships | |
| 292729504 | election of 1916 | election between Democrat Woodrow Wilson and Republican Charles Hughes. Wilson wins election with campaign slogan "He kept us out of War" | |
| 292729505 | "peace without victory" | plan presented by Wilson for the postwar order where the US would maintain "peace without victory" | |
| 292729506 | Zimmermann telegram | the British intercepted a telegram from the German government to the Mexican government offering German support if Mexico declared war against the US; offered to return land Mexico lost the US | |
| 292729507 | Russian Revolution | Russia withdrew from the war in 1918 after the Bolshevik Revolution (new government-Lenin). This withdrawal allowed the German troops to move away from Russia and concentrate on Britain/France. | |
| 292729508 | Selective Service Act | Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft (Roosevelt wanted voluntary recruitment) | |
| 292729509 | American Expeditionary Force | the combination of volunteers and drafted men who fought in WWI for the alliance, under a separate command than Britain and France | |
| 292729510 | African-Americans in the war | not allowed in the marines, fought in segregated units, forced to do the more menial tasks | |
| 292729511 | Overall experiences of American soldiers | although life was difficult for the American soldiers, especially in the trenches, they were in the war for only 18 months, compared to the 4 years other allied forces spent in the conditions. | |
| 292729512 | New technologies in WWI | machine guns, tanks, mustard gas, airplanes, improved navy (with submarines and better navigation) | |
| 293460306 | Chateau-Thierry | US protected Paris from last German assault | |
| 293460307 | Meuse-Argonne | in a forest in Southern France, US pushes German army back into German territory (final WWI battle) | |
| 292729513 | Liberty Bonds | sold to finance the war | |
| 292729514 | "excess profits" taxes | new taxes to finance the war brought in off wealthy corporations | |
| 292729515 | Council of National Defense | allowed local communities to deal with economic mobilization | |
| 292729516 | War Industries Board | created to coordinate purchases of military supplies/the production of materials | |
| 292729517 | Bernard Baruch | head of the War Industries Board | |
| 292729518 | National War Labor Board | created to arbitrate between workers/employees. successfully achieved an 8hr workday, equal pay for women doing equal jobs, union's rights | |
| 292729519 | Great Migration | many African Americans moved to Northern/Western industrial cities. Some were recruited from the South. The arrival of these new blacks caused racial tensions among blacks already in the cities. | |
| 292729520 | New opportunities for women | more options, protected by the Women in Industry Board (later known as the Women's Bureaucracy) | |
| 292729521 | The Peace Movement | National American Woman Suffrage Association supported the war, forming the Women's Peace Party under Carrie Chapman. Women argued that their maternal nature gave them a level head to support pacifism. | |
| 292729522 | Committee on Public Information | began with journalists such as George Creel who distributed pro-war/pro-Alliance literature. This turned to propaganda where the Germans were portrayed as monsters. newsprint, radio, telegram, movies, and cable were used to broadcast. | |
| 292729523 | Espionage Act | imposed fines/jail terms for those convicted of spying, etc. | |
| 292729524 | Sedition Act | expanded meaning of the Espionage Act, making opposition/negative expression to the war an illegal act | |
| 292729525 | vigilante organizations | routinely subjected Germans to harassment and beatings (extreme followers of 100% Americanism) | |
| 292729526 | secret treaties | Wilson was greatly opposed to secret treaties, for they made meetings such as the Paris Peace Conference very challenging, and treaties such as the Treaty of Paris nearly impossible | |
| 292729527 | Fourteen Points | Wilson's idealistic vision of the world. Recommendations for adjusting boundaries/establishing new countries, future international conduct, creation of the League of Nations. | |
| 292729528 | national self-determination | Wilson wanted the US to be at the top of the new world order | |
| 292729529 | Early problems for Wilson's post-war plan | Wilson refused to compromise on any of his 14 points | |
| 292729530 | Big Four | Britain, France, Italy, US | |
| 292729531 | reparations | reparations were expected from the Central Powers, these payments kept Germany weak | |
| 310091936 | League of Nation | An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace. The idea of Wilson, never joined by the US | |
| 310091937 | Treaty of Versailles | Created by the leaders of victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty: 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to repair war damages ($33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons. | |
| 310091938 | "irreconcilables" | Senators opposed to ratification of the Treaty of Versailles (especially the League of Nations) on any grounds; lead by isolationists William Borah, Hiram Johnson, and Robert La Follette. | |
| 310091939 | Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations | |
| 310091940 | Postwar economic trends | ... | |
| 310091941 | Seattle general strike | 35,000 shipyard workers walked off the job, basically shutting down the city, demanding higher wages and shorter hours. In the end, the workers returned to work but without any gains. | |
| 310091942 | Boston police strike | The Police Force in Boston went on a strike for better hours and pay. Fearing communism, President Coolidge (then governor at the time) fired them all and called in a brand new police force. | |
| 310091943 | great steel strike | in Chicago: the most violent strike of the time period, caused the AFL to end support | |
| 310091944 | Postwar life for African Americans | racial climate of WWI ends (jobs, military), Garvey's Black Nationalism encourages blacks to take pride in their achievements and develop an awareness of their heritage | |
| 310091945 | Chicago race riot | black populations expanded to white neighborhoods, whites were triggered by an incident at a segregated beach, which led to black and white gangs killing fifteen whites and 23 blacks | |
| 310091946 | Marcus Garvey | The head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business, as well as encouraging African Americans to return to their African homelands. | |
| 310091947 | Red Scare | Intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas | |
| 310091948 | Palmer Raids | a series of government attacks on suspected radicals in the United States, led by the U.S. attorney general A. Mitchell Palmer | |
| 310091949 | Sacco and Vanzetti | Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested (1920), tried and executed (1927) for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but were convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs. | |
| 310091950 | Shepard Towner Act | funds for women (especially pregnant woman) and infant's health | |
| 310091951 | Cable Act | allowed women to be independent of their husband's status | |
| 310091952 | election of 1920 | brings Republican leadership under President Warren Harding |
