Terms : Hide Images
| 739267428 | The Great Crash | Oct 29, 1929-stock market crash caused by overspeculating and overly high stock prices built on non-existent credit | |
| 739267429 | Reparations | payment for damages after World War II. | |
| 739267430 | Bread Lines | Groups of hungry people waiting outside charitable organizations for free meals during the Great Depression | |
| 739267431 | "Dustbowl" | a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands from 1930 to 1936. | |
| 739267432 | Resettlement Administration | April 30, 1935- Tugwell, who held positions in the United States Department of Agriculture, convinced Roosevelt to form an agency that would relocate struggling urban and rural families to communities planned by the federal government. Roosevelt was in control. | |
| 739267433 | "Okies" | unflattering name given to Oklahomans and others from the rural Midwest, especially those who left the Dust Bowl looking for better lives during the 1930s. | |
| 739267434 | Black Shirts | a private army under Mussolini who destroyed socialist newspapers, union halls, and Socialist party headquarters, eventually pushing Socialists out of the city governments of Northern Italy. | |
| 739267435 | Scottsboro Case | Two white girls accused 9 black teenagers of raping them on a train. There was overwhelming evidence that the boys hadn't done anything, but they were convicted anyway. Later, the Supreme Court overturned the case and the boys eventually got their freedom. | |
| 739267436 | Walter White | a civil rights activist who led the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) for almost a quarter of a century and directed a broad program of legal challenges to segregation and disfranchisement. He was also a journalist, novelist, and essayist. He graduated from Atlanta University in 1916 (now Clark Atlanta University). In 1918 he joined the small national staff of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in New York at the invitation of James Weldon Johnson, where he acted as Johnson's assistant national secretary. He later succeeded Johnson as the head of the NAACP, serving from 1931 to 1955. He oversaw the plans and organizational structure of the fight against public segregation. Under his leadership, the NAACP set up the Legal Defense Fund, which raised numerous legal challenges to segregation and disfranchisement, and achieved many successes. Among these was the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, which determined that segregated education was inherently unequal. | |
| 739267437 | Chicanos | Mexican Americans who filled same menial jobs in CA and Southwest that blacks traditionally filled in other regions. US hispanic pop rose since 1900s. Depression caused high Mexican unemployment (half million left US in first yrs of Depression). | |
| 739267438 | Depression Families | Both middle-class and working-class families saw a dramatic change in their previous rising standard of living. Most were unemployed or had reduced incomes, leading to a retreat in consumerism. | |
| 739267439 | Socialist Party | Political parties formed in the unity of an international organization with a set beliefs inspired by the writings of Karl Marx. They desired economic and political philosophy favoring public or government control of property and income. Their goal was to end the capitalist system, distribute wealth more equally, and nationalize American industries. | |
| 739267440 | Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (1941) | Walker Evans and James Agee (photographer and writer.) Photograph documentation of Farms in the South during the depression. Making a profit on their lives. Never told the farmer families the reason for them staying. Families found out accidently (were embarrassed and disappointed.) Beautiful photographs, but creeper person. Captured the life of the poor tenants, farm land, and the daily life. After the book was published in 1940s, Evans and Agee didnt continue contact with the families they lived with after the photographs were taken. ashamed to have done the work based on these people, or to be apart of a society for a short period of time that was struggling that desperately. | |
| 739267441 | The Grapes of Wrath (1939) | John Steinbeck This novel depicted the life of people impacted by the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression. | |
| 739267442 | Radio | Becomes primary domestic medium, regularized programming begins. | |
| 739267443 | Soap Operas | Became popular during the Great Depression. Women who were alone in the house during the day liked to listen to these on the radio. Soap companies generally sponsored these complicated stories of romance, intrigue, betrayal, that sometimes included subtle social and political messages. | |
| 739267444 | Frank Capra | a very influential filmmaker during the 1930s. He was an Italian immigrant. His films spoke to American idealism - there was a virtuous small town hero against corrupt urban shysters. | |
| 739267445 | Herbert Hoover | The 31st President of the United States. A Republican who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community but couldn't connect with the people and failed to provide relief to Americans and thus costing him a second term. | |
| 739267446 | Hawley-Smoot Act (1930) | brought the U.S. tariff to the highest protective level in history, amended in the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934. | |
| 739267447 | "Hoovervilles" | Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the name shows how Americans blamed Herbert Hoover for the Depression. | |
| 739267448 | Depression Culture | Photographers captured the emotion of The Depression, people went to the movies, families crowded around their radio, classic novels such as Gone With the Wind were read. | |
| 739267449 | Affluence and Consumerism | values that declined in the depression because people could no longer keep of with the high standard of living. | |
| 739267450 | Robert and Helen Merrell Lynd | sociologists that published study of Muncie, Indiana, in "Middletown," commited to American emphasis on the individual. | |
| 739267451 | "Success Ethic" | Was the idea that people were in control of their own fate and if they showed sufficient talent, they would succeed. | |
| 739267452 | "Economic Royalists" | Business people Roosevelt charged with seeking only their own power and wealth by opposing the New Deal. | |
| 739267453 | Dale Carnegie | In 1936, he published the self-help manual How to Win Friends and Influence People that became one of the best-selling books of the decade. His message was not only that personal initiative was the route to success; it was also that the best way for people to get ahead was to fit in and make other people feel important. | |
| 739267454 | Documentary Photographers | Captured the harsh realitites of The Great Depression, in most cases depicting extreme poverty. | |
| 739267455 | Tobacco Road (1932) | Erskine Caldwell About a family of sharecroppers from Georgia and their many tragedies. Tobacco Road was made into a play that ran for several years on Broadway. A "Tobacco Road" is a poor shantytown, usually in the rural South, and usually populated by whites. | |
| 739267456 | Native Son (1940) | Richard Wright (1908-1960), the grandson of slaves, in this novel tells the story of Bigger Thomas, an African-American of the poorest class, struggling to live in the Chicago, Illinois of the 1930s. His life, however, is doomed from the outset: after Bigger accidentally kills a white woman, he runs from the police, kills his girlfriend and is then caught and tried. | |
| 739267457 | Walt Disney | United States film maker who pioneered animated cartoons and created such characters as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. | |
| 739267458 | Mae West | portrayed herself in a series of successful films as an overtly sexual woman manipulating men through her attractiveness. | |
| 739267459 | Life Magazine | Photographic journal starting in 1936 had largest reader group in US. It had some articles on politics and economics, but it was known for photos of sports and theater, natural landscapes and public projects. A popular feature was "Life goes to a party" showing the rich and famous. | |
| 739267460 | The Popular Front | A coalition lead by the American Communist Party; supported Fraklin Roosevelt and The New Deal; mobilized intellectuals towards social critisism. | |
| 739267461 | "Anti-Fascist" | opposition to fascist ideologies, governments, groups and individuals.It refers to individuals and groups that are dedicated to fighting fascism. Most major resistance movements during World War II were anti-fascist. | |
| 739267462 | American Communist Party | Harsh and unrelenting critic of American capitalism and the government that ran it. High membership mobilizes writers, artists and intellectuals social criticism. | |
| 739267463 | Reconstruction Finance Corporation | It granted over 2 billion dollars to the local and state governments and banks. It was charted under the Herbert Hoover administration. Thought the money would trickle down to help the people but the plan didn't work. | |
| 739267464 | Farmer's Holiday Association | Unhappy farmers in Iowa endorsed the withholding of farm products (strike) Succeeding in blockading markets but ultimately failed. | |
| 739267465 | Bonus Expeditionary Force | A self-proclaimed group of more than 20,000 WWI veterans that formed when Congress approved paying $1000 bonus to those who had fought in WWI with payments beginning in 1945 (approx. 20 years later); the "Bonus Army"; marched into DC and camped there, vowing to stay until Congress approved legislation to pay the bonus immediately; proposal voted down by Congress, causing only a small portion of the group to leave; those who remained were driven out of the city under order of Hoover by the police at first and then the Army | |
| 739267466 | General Douglas McArthur | assigned by Hoover to address the Bonus Army, WWI veterans and their families, that were encamped in DC. | |
| 739267467 | "Brain Trust" | Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the Great Depression. |
