Questions on Chapters 1-5
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| 664144488 | A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a: | Population | 1 | |
| 664144489 | The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is: | light energy | 2 | |
| 664144490 | Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms? | taxonomy | 3 | |
| 664144491 | Prokaryotes are classified as belongig to two different domains. What are the domains? | Bacteria and Archaea | 4 | |
| 664144492 | Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life? | the near universality of the genetic code. | 5 | |
| 664144493 | Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess: | inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. | 6 | |
| 664144494 | What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi? | Absorbing dissolved nutrients. | 7 | |
| 664144495 | Why is the theme of evolution considered to be the core theme of biology by biologists? | It provides a framework within which all biological investigation makes sense. | 8 | |
| 664144496 | Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment? | The control group is matched with the experimental group except for one experimental variable. | 9 | |
| 664144497 | All of the organisms on your campus make up: | a community. | 10 | |
| 664144498 | Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science? | Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power. | 11 | |
| 664144499 | Through time, the linage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by: | Natural Selection. | 12 | |
| 664144500 | When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the bgl is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the bgl rises. Such regulation of the bgl is the result of: | negative feedback. | 13 | |
| 664144501 | Organisms interact with their environments, exhanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into: | the potential energy of chemical bonds. | 14 | |
| 664144502 | To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology? | reductionism. | 15 | |
| 666930254 | About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? | carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen | 16 | |
| 666930255 | Why is each element unique and different from other elements in chemical properties? | Each element has a unique number of protons in its nucleus. | 17 | |
| 666930256 | Knowing just the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following? | the number of protons plus neutrons in the element | 18 | |
| 666930257 | The precise weight of a mole of some pure elements like silicon (Si) can vary slightly from the standard atomic mass, or even from sample to sample, why? | The element may have multiple stable isotopes, and the isotopic composition may vary from sample to sample | 19 | |
| 666930258 | The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen -15 is heavier than nitrogen -14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen -15 contains how many neutrons? | 8 | 20 | |
| 666930259 | What is the maximum number of electrons in a 2p orbital of an atom? | 2 | 21 | |
| 666930260 | A covalent chemical bond is one in which | outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both | 22 | |
| 666930261 | What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms? | Polar covalent bonds | 23 | |
| 666930262 | Which of the following molecules contains the most polar covalent bond? | H2O | 24 | |
| 666930263 | What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? | Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms. | 25 | |
| 666930264 | In ammonium chloride salt (NH4Cl) the anion is a single chloride ion, Cl. What is the cation of NH4Cl? | NH4, with a charge of +1 | 26 | |
| 666930265 | Which of the following explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one another? | hydrogen bond | 27 | |
| 666930266 | Which of the following correctly describes any reaction that has reached chemical equilibrium? | The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. | 28 | |
| 666930267 | Compared with 31P, the radioactive isotope 32P has | one more neutron. | 29 | |
| 666930268 | Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions? | The atom has more electrons than protons. | 30 | |
| 666945882 | In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by: | Polar covalent bonds. | 31 | |
| 666945883 | The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called? | Hydrogen bond. | 32 | |
| 666945884 | Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with: | compounds that have polar covalent bonds. | 33 | |
| 666945885 | A dietary Calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. Which of the following statements correctly defines 1 kilocalorie? | 1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C | 34 | |
| 666945886 | Why does ice float in liquid water? | Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water. | 35 | |
| 666945887 | You have a freshly-prepared 0.1M solution of glucose in water. Each liter of this solution contains how many glucose molecules? | 6.23x10^23 | 36 | |
| 666945888 | A strong acid like HCl | ionizes completely in an aqueous solution. | 37 | |
| 666945889 | Which of the following ionizes completely in solution and is considered to be a strong base (alkali)? | NaOH | 38 | |
| 666945890 | A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance? | It is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water. | 39 | |
| 666945891 | What is the hydrogen ion [H+] concentration of a solution of pH 8? | 10^-8M | 40 | |
| 666945892 | If the pH of a solution is decreased from 9 to 8, it means that the | concentration of H+ has increased tenfold (10X) and the concentration of OH- has decreased to one-tenth (1/10) what they were at pH 9. | 41 | |
| 666945893 | If the pH of a solution is increased from pH 5 to pH 7, it means that the | concentration of OH- is 100 times greater than what it was at pH 5. | 42 | |
| 666945894 | Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions? | They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them. | 43 | |
| 666945895 | Buffers are substances that help resist shifts in pH by | both donating H+ to a solution when bases are added, and accepting H+ when acids are added. | 44 | |
| 666945896 | Research indicates that acid precipitation can damage living organisms by | washing away certain mineral ions that help buffer soil solution and are essential nutrients for plant growth. | 45 | |
| 666945897 | If a solution has a pH of 7, this means that | the concentration of H+ ions in the water equals the concentration of OH- ions in the water. | 46 | |
| 666945898 | How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms? | Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell building animals. | 47 | |
| 666945899 | If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, this means that | the concentration of H+ ions is tenfold higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix | 48 | |
| 666945900 | We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their | Number of Molecules | 49 | |
| 666945901 | One of the buffers that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). Thus, H2CO3 HCO3-+ H+ If the pH of the blood drops, one would expect | the HCO3-to act as a base and remove excess H+with the formation ofH2CO3 | 50 | |
| 666956085 | The element present in all organic molecules is: | carbon | 51 | |
| 666956086 | The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to: | The chemical versatility of carbon atoms. | 52 | |
| 666956087 | Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments proved that | organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth. | 53 | |
| 666956088 | How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell? | 4 | 54 | |
| 666956089 | A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms? | covalent. | 55 | |
| 666956090 | Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? | The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. | 56 | |
| 666956091 | Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that | are mirror images of one another. | 57 | |
| 666956092 | A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound? | It should dissolve in water. | 58 | |
| 666956093 | Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? | carboxyl and amino | 59 | |
| 666956094 | (Two molecules have same #s but are shaped differently) 33) The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as | cis-trans isomers | 60 | |
| 666956095 | Which functional group shown above is characteristic of alcohols? | -OH | 61 | |
| 666956096 | Which functional group(s) shown above is (are) present in all amino acids? | COOH NH2 | 62 | |
| 666956097 | Which of the groups above is a carboxyl functional group? | COOH | 63 | |
| 666956098 | Which of the groups above is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H+ into a solution? | COOH | 64 | |
| 666956099 | Which of the groups above is a basic functional group that can accept H+ and become positively charged? | NH2 | 65 | |
| 670333185 | Humans and mice differ because: | their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids. | 66 | |
| 670333186 | Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions? | either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups | 67 | |
| 670333187 | Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers? | carbohydrates | 68 | |
| 670333188 | Which of the following is not a polymer? | glucose | 69 | |
| 670333189 | What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? | dehydration reactions. | 70 | |
| 670333190 | Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen? | chitin | 71 | |
| 670333191 | The molecular formula for glucose is C6H1206. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? | C18H32O16 | 72 | |
| 670333192 | All of the following are polysaccharides except | lactose | 73 | |
| 670333193 | Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? | they both are polymers of glucose | 74 | |
| 670333194 | Which of the following is true of cellulose? | It is a major structural component of plant cell walls | 75 | |
| 670333195 | Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because | Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the "a" glycosidic linkages of starch but not the "B" glycosidic linkages of cellulose | 76 | |
| 670333196 | Which of the following statements conceming saturated fats is not true? | They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids | 77 | |
| 670333197 | The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil? | They hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature | 78 | |
| 670333198 | Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement? | a steriod | 79 | |
| 670333199 | All of the following contain amino acids except: | cholesterol | 80 | |
| 670333200 | The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires: | The release of a water molecule | 81 | |
| 670333201 | There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another? | different side chains (R groups) attached to an "a" carbon | 82 | |
| 670333202 | Upon chemical analysis a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein? | 99 | 83 | |
| 670333203 | Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? | peptide bonds | 84 | |
| 670333204 | What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? | hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond | 85 | |
| 670333205 | The tertiary structure of a protein is the | unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide. | 86 | |
| 670333206 | If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 35S, which of these molecules will be labeled? | proteins | 87 | |
| 670333207 | Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct? | The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose | 88 | |
| 670333208 | If 14C-labeled uridine triphosphate is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled? | RNA | 89 | |
| 670333209 | Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? | nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar | 90 | |
| 670333210 | Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type? | guanine and adenine | 91 | |
| 670333211 | If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine? | 40% | 92 | |
| 670333212 | The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA | contains one less oxygen atom | 93 | |
| 670333213 | If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence: | 5'TGCAAT3' | 94 | |
| 670333214 | What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate? | complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases | 95 |
