Campbell 9th Edition
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| 976928708 | chromosome theory of inheritance | Mendelian genes have specific loci along chromosomes and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment | 0 | |
| 976928709 | law of segregation | the two alleles for each gene separate during gamete formation | 1 | |
| 976928710 | law of independent assortment | alleles of genes on nonhomologous chromosomes assort independently during gamete formation | 2 | |
| 976928711 | wild type | the phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations | 3 | |
| 976928712 | mutant phenotypes | traits that are alternatives to the wild type because they are due to alleles assumed to have originated as mutations in the wild type allele | 4 | |
| 976928713 | sex-linked gene | a gene located on either sex chromosome | 5 | |
| 976928714 | Y-linked genes | genes located on the Y chromosome | 6 | |
| 976928715 | Duchenne muscular dystrophy | disease characterized by a progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination | 7 | |
| 976928716 | hemophilia | an X-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting | 8 | |
| 976928717 | Barr body | the inactive X in each cell of a female that condenses into a compact object | 9 | |
| 976928718 | X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) | gene which becomes active only on the chromosome that will become the Barr body | 10 | |
| 976928719 | linked genes | genes located near each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses | 11 | |
| 976928720 | genetic recombination | the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent | 12 | |
| 976928721 | parental types | offspring who inherit a phenotype that matches either of the parental (P generation) phenotypes | 13 | |
| 976928722 | recombinant types (recombinants) | offspring with new nonparental phenotypes | 14 | |
| 976928723 | crossing over | process that breaks the physical connection between specific alleles of genes on the same chromosome; accounts for the recombination of linked genes | 15 | |
| 976928724 | genetic map | an ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome | 16 | |
| 976928725 | recombination frequency | the percentage of recombination offspring which depends on the distance between genes on a chromosome | 17 | |
| 976928726 | linkage map | a genetic map based on recombination frequencies | 18 | |
| 976928727 | map units | the distance between genes; define one map unit as equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency | 19 | |
| 976928728 | linkage groups | the genes clustered into four groups of linked genes | 20 | |
| 976928729 | cytogenetic map | locate genes with respect to chromosomal features, such as stained bands, that can be seen in the microscope | 21 | |
| 976928730 | nondisjunction | members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis I or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II | 22 | |
| 976928731 | aneuploidy | zygote with an abnormal number of a particular chromosome because the aberrant gametes united with a normal gamete at fertilization | 23 | |
| 976928732 | monosomic | aneuploid zygote that is missing a chromosome (2n-1 chromosomes) | 24 | |
| 976928733 | trisomic | if a chromosome is present in triplicate in the zygote, the aneuploid cell has 2n + 1 chromosomes | 25 | |
| 976928734 | polyploidy | chromosomal alteration where organisms have more than two complete chromosome sets in all somatic cells | 26 | |
| 976928735 | deletion | occurs when a chromosomal fragment is lost | 27 | |
| 976928736 | duplication | "deleted" fragments may become attached as an extra segment to a sister chromatid | 28 | |
| 976928737 | inversion | a chromosomal fragment may also reattach to the original chromosome but in the reverse orientation | 29 | |
| 976928738 | translocation | moves a segment from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome | 30 | |
| 976928739 | syndrome | sets of traits that are characteristics of the type of aneuploidy | 31 | |
| 976928740 | Down syndrome (trisomy 21) | aneuploid condition; a result of an extra chromosome 21 so each body cell has a total of 27 chromosomes; characteristics: facial features, short stature, correctable heart defects, developmental delays | 32 | |
| 976928741 | Klinefelter syndrome | an extra X chromosome in a male (XXY), the male has male sex organs but the testes are abnormally small and the man is sterile | 33 | |
| 976928742 | Turner syndrome (monosomy X) | X0 individuals are phenotypically female but are sterile because their sex organs do not mature | 34 | |
| 976928743 | cri du chat ("cry of the cat") | syndrome that results from a specific deletion in chromosome 5; the child's cries sound like the mewing of a cat and the child will die in infancy/early childhood | 35 | |
| 976928744 | chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) | disease caused by reciprocal translocation during mitosis of cells that will become white blood cells | 36 | |
| 976928745 | Philadelphia chromosome | the product of the exchange between a large portion of chromosome 2 with a small fragment of chromosome 9; the shortened chromosome 22 causes cancer | 37 | |
| 976928746 | genomic imprinting | variation in phenotype depending on whether an allele is inherited from the male or female parent | 38 | |
| 976928747 | extranuclear genes / cytoplasmic genes | genes located outside the nucleus | 39 | |
| 976928748 | mitochondrial myopathy | mitochrondrial disorder that causes weakness, intolerance of exercise, and muscle deterioration | 40 | |
| 976928749 | Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy | mitochondrial disorder that causes sudden blindness in people as young as their 20s or 30s | 41 | |
| 978394228 | hemizygous | Describes an individual who has only one member of a chromosome pair or chromosome segment rather than the usual two; refers in particular to X-linked genes in males who under usual circumstances have only one X chromosome | 42 |
