Terms : Hide Images
| 8776281979 | signal transduction pathway | a series of steps linking a mechanical or chemical stimulus to a specific cellular response |  | 0 |
| 8776281980 | cell junctions | allows molecules to pass readily between adjacent cells |  | 1 |
| 8776281981 | cell-cell recognition | two cells in an animal may communicate by interaction between molecules protruding from their surfaces |  | 2 |
| 8776281982 | paracrine signaling | (local) a secreting cell acts on nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a local regulator |  | 3 |
| 8776281983 | synaptic signaling | (local) a nerve cell releases neurotransmitter molecules into a synapse, stimulating the target cell |  | 4 |
| 8776281984 | hormonal signaling | specialized endocrine cells secrete hormones into body fluids, often the blood |  | 5 |
| 8776281985 | hormones | in multicellular organisms, one of many types of secreted chemicals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells in other parts of the body to change their functioning | 6 | |
| 8776281986 | reception |  | 7 | |
| 8776281987 | transduction |  | 8 | |
| 8776281988 | response |  | 9 | |
| 8776281989 | ligand | a signal molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one |  | 10 |
| 8776281990 | g protein-coupled receptor | a signal receptor protein in the plasma membrane that responds to the binding of a signaling molecule by activating a G protein |  | 11 |
| 8776281991 | g protein | a GTP-binding protein that relays signals from a plasma membrane signal receptor, known as a G protein-coupled receptor, to other signal transduction proteins inside the cell |  | 12 |
| 8776281992 | receptor tyrosine kinases | a receptor protein in the plasma membrane, the intracellular part of which can catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a tyrosine on another protein |  | 13 |
| 8776281993 | ligand-gated ion channel |  | 14 | |
| 8776281994 | intracellular receptor |  | 15 | |
| 8776281995 | protein kinase | an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein, thus phosphorylating the protein |  | 16 |
| 8776281996 | protein phosphatases | an enzyme that removes phosphate groups from (dephosphorylates) proteins, often functioning to reverse the effect of a protein kinase |  | 17 |
| 8776281997 | phosphorylation cascade |  | 18 | |
| 8776281998 | second messengers | a small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecule or ion, such as a calcium ion (Ca2+) or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell's interior in response to a signaling molecule bound by a signal receptor protein | 19 | |
| 8776281999 | cyclic amp | cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a ring-shaped molecule made from ATP that is a common intracellular signaling molecule (second messenger) in eukaryotic cells; also a regulator of some bacterial operons |  | 20 |
| 8776282000 | adenylyl cyclase | an enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to a signal |  | 21 |
| 8776282001 | the specificity of cell signaling |  | 22 | |
| 8776282002 | apoptosis | a program of controlled cell suicide, which is brought about by signals that trigger the activation of a cascade of suicide proteins in the cell destined to die |  | 23 |
