The Cell Cycle
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| 428922091 | cell division | process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells | |
| 428922092 | cell cycle | sequence of events from the production of a eukaryotic cell to the time the cell itself reproduces | |
| 428922093 | genome | the complete genetic material contained in an individual | |
| 428922094 | chromosomes | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes | |
| 428922095 | chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins | |
| 428922096 | somatic cells | all the cells of your body except your sex cells | |
| 428922097 | gametes | reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells | |
| 428922098 | sister chromatids | identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S(DNA replication) subphase of interphase | |
| 428922099 | centromere | the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis | |
| 428922100 | mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes | |
| 428922101 | cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm during cell division | |
| 428922102 | M phase | the phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis | |
| 428922103 | interphase | the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division, typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions | |
| 428922104 | G1 phase | The first growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins. | |
| 428922105 | S phase | The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. | |
| 428922106 | G2 phase | stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles | |
| 428922107 | prophase | the replicated chromosomes, each consisting of two closely associated sister chromatids, condense. Outside the nucleus, the mitotic spindle assembles between the two centrosornes, which have replicated and moved apart. | |
| 428922108 | prometaphase | starts abruptly with the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. Chromosomes can now attach to spindle microtubules via their kinetochores and undergo active movement. | |
| 428922109 | metaphase | chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle, midway between the spindle poles. The kinetochore microtubules attach sister chromatids to opposite poles of the spindle. | |
| 428922110 | anaphase | the sister chromatids separate to form two daughter chromorosomes, each is pulled slowly toward the spindle pole it faces The kinetochore microtubules get shorter, and the spindle poles also move apart | |
| 428922111 | telophase | last phase of mitosis, chromosome are in two new cells and nuclear membranes start to reform | |
| 428922112 | mitotic spindle | An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis. | |
| 428922113 | centrosome | Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division; functions as a microtubule-organizing center. A centrosome has two centrioles. | |
| 428922114 | aster | star-shaped structure formed in the cytoplasm of a cell having fibers like rays that surround the centrosome during mitosis | |
| 428922115 | kinetochore | A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle. | |
| 428922116 | metaphase plate | An imaginary plane during metaphase in which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located midway between the two poles | |
| 428922117 | cleavage furrow | The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate. | |
| 428922118 | cell plate | A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis. | |
| 428922119 | origin of replication | The specific location on a DNa strand where replication begins.. Prokaryotes typically have a single origin of replication, while eukaryotes have several per chromosome. | |
| 428922120 | binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size | |
| 428922121 | cell cycle control system | A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle. | |
| 428922122 | checkpoint | A control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle. | |
| 428922123 | cyclin | protein that cycles in quantity as the cell cycle progresses; combines with and activates the kinases that function to promote the events of the cycle | |
| 428922124 | CDKs | enzymes in an inactive form that are present in consistent concentrations over the cell cycle; *most significant enzyme in regulating cell cycle | |
| 428922125 | MPF | Maturation-promoting factor (M-phase-promoting factor); a protein complex required for a cell to progress from late interphase to mitosis. The active form consists of cyclin and a protein kinase. | |
| 428922126 | G0 phase | A nondividing state in which a cell has left the cell cycle. | |
| 428922127 | growth factor | one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells | |
| 428922128 | density-dependent inhibition | The phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another. | |
| 428922129 | anchorage dependence | The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to the substratum. | |
| 428922130 | transformation | the process that converts a normal cell to a cancer cell | |
| 428922131 | malignant tumor | an abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring tissue and to other parts of the body; a cancerous tumor. | |
| 428922132 | benign tumor | A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin | |
| 428922133 | metastasis | spread of cancer cells beyond their original site in the body | |
| 428927585 | platelet derived growth factor | secreted by blood platelets and endothelial cells in an area of injury, this is an agent that stimulates fibroblasts to multiply and synthesize collagen |
