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Campbell Biology 9th Edition: Chapter 12 Flashcards

9th Edition of the famed Campbell Biology Series! Chapter 12

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120374585Why do some species employ both mitosis and meiosis, whereas other species use only mitosis?They need both if they are producing animal gametes.0
272224409A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain?921
272224410Why is it difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase?They have uncoiled to form long, thin strands.2
272224411Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells?323
272224412Nucleoli are present during _____.Interphase4
272224413Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____.Telophase5
272224414Chromosomes become visible during _____.Prophase6
272224415Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during _____.Anaphase7
272224416Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.Prometaphase8
272224417When the separate chromosomes are being pulled from one place to another? This animation illustrates the events of _____.Anaphase9
272224517When the two "circular" cells attached become sister cells? This animation illustrates the events of _____.Cytokinesis as it occurs in Animal Cells10
272224518When the chromosomes become visible? This animation illustrates the events of _____.Prophase11
272224519When chromosomes align laterally (along the metaphase plate: imaginary line located midway between the poles of the duplicated chromosomes and the original chromosomes), before they separate. This animation illustrates the events of _____.Metaphase12
272224522When the chromosomes break the nuclear envelope, and attach to microtubulesPrometaphase13
272224523When the two "square" cells attached become sister cells? This animation illustrates the events of _____.Cytokinesis as it occurs in Plant Cells14
272224535When the sister cells are completely divided through Cytokinesis. This animation illustrates the events of _____.Telophase15
272224577During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.Two (2) chromosomes and Four (4) Chromatids16
272224580Cell division occurs during this short phase, which generally involves two discrete processes: the contents of the nucleus (mainly the duplicated chromosomes) are evenly distributed to two daughter nuclei, and the cytoplasm divides in two.Mitotic Phase17
272224584DNA synthesis (or replication) occurs during this phase. At the beginning of the phase, each chromosome is single. At the end, after DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.S Phase18
272224585Typically, this phase accounts for 90% of the cell cycle. It is a time of high metabolic activity. The cell grows by producing proteins and organelles, and chromosomes are replicated.Interphase19
272224587This is when division of the nucleus occurs. The chromosomes that have been replicated are distributed to two daughter nuclei.Mitosis20
272224594This third subphase of interphase is a period of metabolic activity and growth. During this phase the cell makes final preparations for division.G2 Phase21
272224595This is the portion of the cell cycle just after division, but before DNA synthesis. During this time the cell grows by producing proteins and organelles.G1 Phase22
272224596This is the step in the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides in two.Cytokinesis23
272224635During _____ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided.The Mitotic Phase: The Mitotic Phase encompasses both Mitosis and Cytokinesis!24
272224636During _____ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.Interphase25
272224637Which of the following is true of kinetochores?They are sites at which microtubules attach to chromosomes.26
272224638Which of the following correctly matches a phase of the cell cycle with its description?G1: follows cell division27
272224639In some organisms, such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo the cell cycle repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would result from this?Large cells containing many nuclei.28
272224640Which of the following is found in binary fission but not in mitosis?Duplicated chromosomes attach to the plasma membrane.29
272224641Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts microfilament formation. How would this interfere with cell division?cleavage30
272224642Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in which phase of the cell cycle?G131
272224643Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in which phase of the cell cycle?They remain confined to their original site32
272224644Which of the following is a function of the S phase in the cell cycle?The synthesis of sister chromatids33
272224645The copying of chromosomes occurs during which of the following phases of the cell cycle?S Phase34
272224646For the first several divisions of early frog embryos, cells proceed directly from the M phase to the S phase and back to M without gaps. Which of the following is likely to be true about dividing cells in early frog embryos?The cells get smaller with each generation35
272224647True or false? The M phase is characterized by the replication and division of a cell's chromosomes.False: Cells replicate their chromosomes during the S phase and divide partition their chromosomes during the M phase.36
272224649If an organism normally has 34 chromosomes, how many molecules of DNA should there be in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?3437
272224650Which of the following events would cause the cell cycle to arrest?Poor nutrition conditions38
272224651DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules called ______, which separates during mitosis.Sister Chromatids39
272224652After chromosomes condense, the ______ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each otherCentromere40
272224654During Mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the _______.Kinetochore41
272224655In dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during ______.Interphase42
272224657The ____________ is a cell structure consising of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell divisionMitotic Spindle43
272224658During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called _______.Chromatin44
272224659In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by ________, when the rest of the cell divides.Cytokinesis45
272224660The ________ are the organzing centers for mcrotubules involed in seperatng chromasomes during mitosisCentrosomes46
272224662Which of the following statements are true of cytokinesis in plant cells? Two that apply.1. Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus move along microtubules, coalesce at the plane of cell division, and form a cell plate. 2. The cell plate consists of the plasma membrane and cell wall that will eventually separate the two daughter cells.47
272224663Which species does this apply to? The cells divide by constriction of a ring protein. (2 apply)Bacteria & Animal48
272224664Which species does this apply to? The presence of a cell wall prevents the cell from dividing by constriction. (1 apply)Plants49
272224665Which species does this apply to? Tubulin subunits or tubulin-like molecules function in the division of the cell. (2 apply)Bacteria & Plants50
272224666A mass of abnormal cells with specific genetic and cellular changes such that the cells are not capable of surviving at a new site and generally remain at the site of the tumor's origin.Benign Tumor51
272224667A method of asexual reproduction by "division in half." In prokaryotes, binary fission does not involve mitosis, but in single-celled eukaryotes that undergo binary fission, mitosis is part of the process.Binary Fission52
272224668(1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation results in horizontal gene transfer.Transformation53
272224671A cancerous tumor containing cells that have significant genetic and cellular changes and are capable of invading and surviving in new sites. Malignant tumors can impair the functions of one or more organs.Malignant Tumor54
272224672An imaginary structure located at a plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located.Metaphase Plate55
272224673The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.Metastasis56
272224674Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors.Somatic Cell57
272224675One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells....continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together.58

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