Mendel and the Gene Idea
Terms : Hide Images
| 1200526019 | character | Heritable feature that varies among individuals | 0 | |
| 1200526020 | trait | genetically determined variant of a characteristic | 1 | |
| 1200526021 | true breeding | term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate | 2 | |
| 1200526022 | hybridization | the mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties | 3 | |
| 1200526023 | P generation | parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross | 4 | |
| 1200526024 | F1 generation | the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms | 5 | |
| 1200526025 | F2 generation | the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation | 6 | |
| 1200526026 | alleles | different forms of a gene | 7 | |
| 1200526027 | dominant | observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait | 8 | |
| 1200526028 | recessive | The inherited characteristic often masked by the dominant characteristic and not seen in an organism. | 9 | |
| 1200526029 | law of segregation | first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed | 10 | |
| 1200526030 | Punnet square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross | 11 | |
| 1200526031 | homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait | 12 | |
| 1200526032 | heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait | 13 | |
| 1200526033 | genotype | the particular alleles at specified loci present in an organism | 14 | |
| 1200526034 | phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism | 15 | |
| 1200526035 | test cross | the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype | 16 | |
| 1200526036 | monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits | 17 | |
| 1200526037 | dihybrid cross | a cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene | 18 | |
| 1200526038 | law of independent assortment | the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis | 19 | |
| 1200526039 | multiplication rule | The rule that states that to determine the probability, we multiply the probability of one event by the probability of another | 20 | |
| 1200526040 | addition rule | the probability that any one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding together their individual probabilities | 21 | |
| 1200526041 | complete dominance | a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another | 22 | |
| 1200526042 | incomplete dominance | creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other | 23 | |
| 1200526043 | codominance | a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed | 24 | |
| 1200526044 | Tay-Sachs disease | A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme, leading to accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest a few months after birth. | 25 | |
| 1200526045 | epistasis | the suppression of a gene by the effect of an unrelated gene | 26 | |
| 1200526046 | pleiotropy | A single gene having multiple effects on an individuals phenotype | 27 | |
| 1200526047 | quantitative characters | characters that vary in the population along a continuum (in gradations) | 28 | |
| 1200526048 | polygenic inheritance | An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character. | 29 | |
| 1200526049 | norm of reaction | the range of phenotypic possibilities due to environmental influences. | 30 | |
| 1200526050 | pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family | 31 | |
| 1200526051 | carriers | individuals who have one copy of a recessive autosomal allele | 32 | |
| 1200526052 | Cystic Fibrosis | a human genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele for a chloride channel protein; (4% whites are carriers - most common lethal genetic disease) | 33 | |
| 1200526053 | Sickle cell anemia | a genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape | 34 | |
| 1200526054 | Huntington's disease | a degenerative disease of the nervous system caused by a lethal dominant allele that has no obvious phenotypic effect until the individual is 35-45 yrs old | 35 | |
| 1200526055 | amniocentesis | A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus. | 36 | |
| 1200526056 | chorionic villus sampling | sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities | 37 | |
| 1200526057 | multifactorial | Many factors, both genetic and environmental, collectively influence phenotype. | 38 |
