A Tour of the Cell
Terms : Hide Images
| 896088227 | light microscopy | uses light to permit magnification and viewing of cellular structures up to 1000 times their natural size | |
| 896088228 | scanning electron microscopy | A process that utilizes an electron beam to produce an image of the three-dimensional surface of biological samples; the sample is coated with a thin layer of a heavy metal such as gold or palladium and then exposed to an electron beam | |
| 896088229 | transmission electron microscopy | electrons penetrate an ultrathin section of tissue to strike a photographic plate | |
| 896088230 | cell fractionation | technique in which cells are broken into pieces and the different cell parts are separated | |
| 896088231 | cytosol | the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended | |
| 896088232 | nucleoid | A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. | |
| 896088233 | chromatin | long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes | |
| 896088234 | nucleus | The organelle that contains the DNA and controls the processes of the cell | |
| 896088235 | nucleolus | The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus | |
| 896088236 | nuclear envelope | double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus | |
| 896088237 | ribosomes | organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm | |
| 896088238 | nuclear lamina | A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus. | |
| 896088239 | endoplasmic reticulum | an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed | |
| 896088240 | rough ER | That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes, attached to nuclear membrane and synthesizes phospholipids for cell membrane | |
| 896088241 | smooth ER | synthesis of lipids, phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body | |
| 896088242 | glycoproteins | proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them | |
| 896088243 | vesicles | small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into, out of, and within a cell | |
| 896088244 | golgi apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum | |
| 896088245 | lysosome | organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell | |
| 896088246 | phagocytosis | process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell | |
| 896088247 | food vacuole | A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell. | |
| 896088248 | contractile vacuole | saclike organelles that expand to collect excess water and contract to squeeze the water out of the cell | |
| 896088249 | central vacuole | A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development. | |
| 896088250 | mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production | |
| 896088251 | chloroplast | a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food | |
| 896088252 | endosymbiont theory | mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism. | |
| 896088253 | mitochondrial matrix | The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle. | |
| 896088254 | cristae | Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP. | |
| 896088255 | thylakoids | A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy. | |
| 896088256 | grana | stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis | |
| 896088257 | stroma | The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. | |
| 896088258 | plastids | organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA | |
| 896088259 | peroxisomes | Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals | |
| 896088260 | cytoskeleton | a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence | |
| 896088261 | motor proteins | a protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell. | |
| 896088262 | microtubules | hollow tubes of protein about 25 nanometers in diameter, support the cell and moves organelles within the cell, composed of tubulin polymers | |
| 896088263 | microfilaments | thinner, solid rods of protein that enable the cell to move or change shape when protein subunits slide past one another, composed of actin subunits | |
| 896088264 | intermediate filaments | range from 7-11nm in diameter, and strengthen the cell and help maintain its shape, stabilize the positions of organelles, and stabilize the position of the cell with respect to surrounding cells through specialized attachment to the cell membrane, composed of keratin subunits | |
| 896088265 | keratin | hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails | |
| 896088266 | actin | A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. | |
| 896088267 | tubulin | globular protein subunit forming the hollow cylinder of microtubules | |
| 896088268 | centrosome | Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division; functions as a microtubule-organizing center. A centrosome has two centrioles. | |
| 896088269 | centrioles | One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope; play a role in cell division. | |
| 896088270 | cilia | short, hair-like structures made of microtubules that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell | |
| 896088271 | flagella | whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement | |
| 896088272 | basel body | a structure resembling a centriole that produces a cilium or flagellum and anchors this structure within the plasma membrane | |
| 896088273 | dynein | A contractile protein connecting microtubules in the '9+2- arrangement of cilia and eukaryotic flagella. The contraction of dynein produces the characteristic movement of these structures. | |
| 896088274 | cortex | (1) The outer region of cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell, lying just under the plasma membrane, that has a more gel-like consistency than the inner regions, due to the presence of multiple microfilaments. (2) In plants, ground tissue that is between the vascular tissue and dermal tissue in a root or eudicot stem. | |
| 896088275 | myosin | A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber, thick filaments | |
| 896088276 | pseudopodia | A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding | |
| 896088277 | cytoplasmic streaming | A circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells. | |
| 896088278 | cell wall | strong supporting layer of cellulose or chitin around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria | |
| 896088279 | middle lamina | A thin layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectins, found between the primary walls of adjacent young plant cells. | |
| 896088280 | primary cell wall | A relatively thin and flexable cell wall furthest outside that is first secreted by a plant cell | |
| 896088281 | secondary cell wall | Added between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall, a strong and durable matrix often deposited in several laminated layers for plant cell protection and support | |
| 896088282 | extracellular matrix | The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides. | |
| 896088283 | proteoglycans | a glycoprotein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells. | |
| 896088284 | fibronectin | a glycoprotein that helps animal cells attach to the extracellular matrix. | |
| 896088285 | integrins | in animal cells, a transmembrane receptor protein that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. | |
| 896088286 | plasmodesmata | An open channel in the cell wall of plants through which strands of cytosol connect from adjacent cells | |
| 896088287 | gap junctions | provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells | |
| 896088288 | tight junctions | Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid | |
| 896088289 | desmosomes | specialized junctions that hold adjacent cell together, consist of dense plate at point of adhesion plus extracellular cementing material |
