Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
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| 896106865 | fermentation | a partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen. | |
| 896106866 | aerobic respiration | in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel | |
| 896106867 | anaerobic respiration | a catabolic pathway in which oxygen is not consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel | |
| 896106868 | oxidation | loss of electrons | |
| 896106869 | reduction | Gain of electrons | |
| 896106870 | reducing agent | The electron donor in a redox reaction. | |
| 896106871 | oxidizing agent | The electron acceptor in a redox reaction | |
| 896106872 | NAD+ | a derivative of the vitamin niacin, well suited as an electron carrier because it can cycle easily between oxidized and reduced states. As an electron acceptor it functions as an oxidizing agent during respiration | |
| 896106873 | electron transport chain | A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP. (see electron transport chain cards) | |
| 896106874 | citric acid cycle | A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration (see citric acid cards) | |
| 896106875 | glycolysis | first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid (see glycolysis cards) | |
| 896106876 | oxidative phosphorylation | The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain. | |
| 896106877 | substrate level phosphorylation | The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism. | |
| 896106878 | chemiosmosis | in chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP | |
| 896106879 | proton motive force | the potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis | |
| 896106880 | alcohol fermentation | The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol | |
| 896106881 | lactic acid fermentation | The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide. | |
| 896106882 | obligate anaerobes | organisms that cannot live where molecular oxygen is present | |
| 896106883 | facilitative anaerobes | organisms that can grow with or without oxygen aerobic or anaerobic . grow better aerobically ...because anaerobically they use less efficient respiration | |
| 896106884 | beta oxidation | A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA. |
