Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
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| 727449846 | heredity | The biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next | |
| 727449847 | variation | an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration | |
| 727449848 | genetics | The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation. | |
| 727449849 | genes | the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring | |
| 727449850 | gametes | an organism's reproductive cells, such as sperm or egg cells | |
| 727449851 | locus | the specific site of a particular gene on its chromosome | |
| 727449852 | asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent | |
| 727449853 | clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced | |
| 727449854 | sexual reproduction | reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete | |
| 730381064 | life cycle | The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism. | |
| 730381065 | karyotype | A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape. | |
| 730381066 | homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure. | |
| 730381067 | sex chromosomes | X and Y chromosomes | |
| 730381068 | autosomes | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome | |
| 730381069 | diploid cell | A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent. | |
| 730381070 | haploid cell | A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n). | |
| 730381071 | fertilization | The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote. | |
| 730381072 | zygote | diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell | |
| 730381073 | meiosis | Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms | |
| 730381074 | alternation of generation | An organism that has this pattern alternates between a haploid and a diploid generation | |
| 730381075 | sporophyte | The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation. | |
| 730381076 | gametophyte | The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation. | |
| 730381077 | meiosis I | The first division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell. | |
| 730381078 | meiosis II | The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell. | |
| 730381079 | allele | an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait; can be dominant or recessive | |
| 730381080 | synapsis | The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. | |
| 730381081 | crossing over | exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis | |
| 730381082 | chiasmata | point of attachment between homologous chromosomes at which crossing over takes place | |
| 730381083 | independent assortment of chromosomes | In metaphase 1, when the homologous chromosomes are lined up on the metaphase plate, they can pair up in any of the homologous pairs facing either pole | |
| 730381084 | recombinant chromosomes | A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome. | |
| 730381085 | random fertilization | source of genetic variation caused by the unlimited number of possible sperm & egg combinations |
