Regulation of Gene Expression
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| 8560359305 | operator | region of DNA within the promoter that controls RNA polymerase's access to a set of genes with related functions | 0 | |
| 8560359306 | operon | a unit of gene regulation and transcription in bacterial DNA that consists of a promoter, an operator, and one or more structural genes | 1 | |
| 8560359307 | repressor | a protein that binds to an operator and physically blocks RNA polymerase from binding to a promoter site. is specific to the operator it binds. | 2 | |
| 8560359308 | regulatory gene | a gene that produces a repressor substance that inhibits an operator | 3 | |
| 8560359313 | corepressor | a small molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off for tryptophan, tryptophan is actual corepressor |  | 4 |
| 8560359314 | repressible operon | transcription is usually on, but can be inhibited (repressed) when a specific small molecule binds allosterically to a regulatory protein (example tryptophan) |  | 5 |
| 8560359315 | inducible operon | usually off, but can be stimulated (induced) when a specific small molecule interacts with a regulatory protein (example lac operon) |  | 6 |
| 8560359316 | lac operon | lac Z cleaves lactose lac Y permease -faciliates lactose into cell lac A function unknown always off unless allolactose |  | 7 |
| 8560359318 | inducer | A specific small molecule that inactivates the repressor in an operon. | 8 | |
| 8560359319 | allolactose | induces LAC operon | 9 | |
| 8560359321 | CAP-cAMP | stimulatory protein, activator of transcription when cAMP binds to CAP stimulates higher production of lac genes |  | 10 |
| 8560359322 | activator | A protein that binds to DNA and stimulates transcription of a specific gene. | 11 | |
| 8560359323 | differential gene expression | The expression of different sets of genes by cells with the same genome. | 12 | |
| 8560359324 | histone acetylation | the attachment of acetyl groups (-COCH3) to certain amino acids of histone proteins, the chromatin becomes less compact, and the DNA is accessible for transcription lysine preferred |  | 13 |
| 8560359326 | DNA methylation | addition of methyl group to DNA (usually to Cytosine), associated with decreased transcription (permanent deactivation) |  | 14 |
| 8560359328 | epigenetic inheritance | Inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence. | 15 | |
| 8560359330 | specific transcription factors | Increase the level of transcription in certain cell types or in response to signals | 16 | |
| 8560359334 | alternative RNA splicing | different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript, depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and which as introns | 17 | |
| 8560359335 | proteasome | A giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin. |  | 18 |
| 8560359336 | protein-coding DNA | ~1.5% of human genome | 19 | |
| 8560359337 | noncoding RNA | ncRNA - forms an extensive and sophisticated genome regulatory network | 20 | |
| 8560359338 | microRNAs | small single stranded RNA molecules that bind to mRNA and can degrade mRNA or block its translation - miRNAs | 21 | |
| 8560359339 | RNA interference | Blocking gene expression by means of an miRNA silencing complex | 22 | |
| 8560359340 | small interfering RNAs | length of 21-23 nucleotides double-stranded inhibit gene expression by degrading homologous mRNA | 23 | |
| 8560359357 | oncogenes | cancer causing genes causes by translocation; point mutation or gene amplification causes excess proteins (that stimulate growth) |  | 24 |
| 8560359359 | tumor-surpressor genes | code for proteins that prevent the uncontrolled rate of cell division, a gene that normally functions to inhibit cell division; prevents development of mutated cells and tumors. | 25 | |
| 8560394369 | epigenetics | the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself. | 26 |
