Vocabulary: evolution, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), emergent properties, biosphere, ecosystems, community, population, organism, organs and organ systems, tissues, organelles, cell, molecule, eukaryotic cell, prokaryotic cell, gene, genome, negative feedback, positive feedback, adaptation, inductive reasoning, data, hypothesis, deductive reasoning, controlled experiment, dependent variable, independent variable, theory
Objectives:
After attending lectures and studying the chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Define biology.
2. List and explain the characteristics of life.
a. Define metabolism.
b. Define adaptation.
3. Distinguish between types of organisms by describing the differences between and
give examples of:
a. unicellular and multicellular organisms; and,
b. prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
4. List and explain the levels of biological organization.
5. Relating to major concepts in biology, explain what is meant by:
a. "the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things";
b. "the continuity of life depends on the inheritance of biological information";
c. "form fits function";
d. "the unity and diversity of life"; and,
e. "life forms change".
6. Explain why DNA is considered the molecule of inheritance in all organisms.
7. Define evolution.
a. Define population and give examples of characteristics of populations.
b. Explain evolution through natural selection.
c. Explain how adaptations come about through natural selection.
d. Explain why evolution is a central theme in biology.
8. Define science and explain why biology is a science.
9. Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning and explain how these
processes of logic are used in science.
10. List in order and explain the logical relationship between the steps of the
scientific method.
11. Explain the difference between hypothesis, theory, and law.
12. Explain the "if . . . then" logic of a prediction and state the role of a prediction in
the process of designing an investigation.
13. Explain the difference between observational and experimental investigations.
14. Explain the difference between the control group and the experimental group
in a controlled experiment.
15. Explain the difference between the controlled variables, the independent variable,
and the dependent variable(s).
16. Explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative data and give examples
of each.
17. Explain the relationship between the conclusion and the hypothesis.
18. Be able to name the three Domains by which all living organisms are classified, and what organisms belong to each. Recognize the 4 kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya
Domains: Bacteria - all unicellular prokaryotic (no nucleus) organisms w/ peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaea - all unicellular prokaryotic organisms; live in extreme environments
Eukarya - consist of unicellular and multicellular organisms w/ a nucleus
Kingdom - Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
* Protista - algae, protozoa, slime molds
19. Be able to state the Theory of Natural Selection and how it effects evolution of a species.
20. Be able to give the steps the scientific method when given a simple experiment with results. Distinguish between results (data) and conclusion!
Be able to answer multiple choice questions at the end of the chapter.
| 4279337881 | Evolution | Evolution is the process of change that has transformed life on Earth |  | 0 |
| 4279337882 | DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid: a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix |  | 1 |
| 4279337883 | Emergent properties | New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. |  | 2 |
| 4279337885 | Eukaryotic Cell | A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes. |  | 3 |
| 4279337886 | Prokaryotic Cell | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes. |  | 4 |
| 4279337890 | Biosphere | The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's ecosystems. |  | 5 |
| 4279337891 | Ecosystems | All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them |  | 6 |
| 4279337892 | Community | All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction. |  | 7 |
| 4279337893 | Population | A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring. |  | 8 |
| 4279337894 | Organism | a creature such as a plant, animal or a single-celled life form, or something that has interdependent parts and that is being compared to a living creature |  | 9 |
| 4279337895 | Organs | A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues. |  | 10 |
| 4279337896 | Organ Systems | A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions. |  | 11 |
| 4279337897 | Tissues | An integrated group of cells with a common structure, function, or both. Ex. muscle or nervous |  | 12 |
| 4279337898 | Organelles | Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. molecules that are arranged into minute structures, crucial functional components of cells (cellulose, plasma membrane) |  | 13 |
| 4279337899 | Molecule | Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. |  | 14 |
| 4279337902 | Adaptation | Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment. |  | 15 |
| 4279337905 | Hypothesis | A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope than a theory. |  | 16 |
| 4279337907 | Controlled Experiment | An experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested. |  | 17 |
| 4279337908 | Dependent Variable | It is something that depends on other factors. |  | 18 |
| 4279337909 | Independent Variable | It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure. |  | 19 |
| 4279337911 | What are the 7 Characteristics of Life? | 1. Order 2. Regulation 3. Energy Processing 4. Evolutionary Adaptation 5. Response to the Environment 6. Reproduction 7. Growth and Development |  | 20 |
| 4279337912 | Metabolism | The totality of an organism's chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the organism. |  | 21 |
| 4279337913 | Why is Biology a Science? | Biology is a science since it takes care to interpret the nature, according to the scientific method, which establishes the resolution of hypotheses raised by the researcher, by means of using different techniques for the creation of representative models of nature. | 22 | |
| 4279337915 | What are the 7 steps of the Scientific Method? | 1. Observe 2. Research 3. Form a hypothesis 4. Test the hypothesis 5. Analyze results and draw conclusions 6. Report your findings 7. Conduct more research |  | 23 |
| 4279337917 | What is the difference between observational and experimental investigations? | Observational investigations do not manipulate data | 24 | |
| 4279337920 | What are the three domains by which all living organisms are classified? | Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya |  | 25 |
| 4279337921 | What are the 4 kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya? | Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista |  | 26 |
| 4279337922 | What are Bacteria? | All unicellular prokaryotic (no nucleus) organisms. |  | 27 |
| 4279337923 | What is the Theory of Natural Selection? | A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. |  | 28 |
| 4279337925 | Concept 1.2: Why is evolution considered the core theme of biology? | Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life and it explains the most fundamental aspects of all life on earth. It accounts for the common features shared by all forms of life due to the descent from a common ancestor. | 29 | |
| 4279337927 | Define Biology? What is the definition of Biology | Biology is the scientific study of life |  | 30 |
| 4279337929 | What is the appropriate term for an interacting group of individuals of a single type occupying a defined area? | A Population | 31 | |
| 4279337930 | How would you define a Eukaryotic cell? | A eukaryotic cell has membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest of which is usually the nucleus |  | 32 |
| 4279337931 | How would you define a prokaryotic cell? | A prokaryotic cell is simpler and usually smaller, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles |  | 33 |
| 4279337933 | What are the 7 Properties/Characteristics of Life | 1. Order 2. Regulation 3. Energy Processing 4. Evolutionary Adaptation 5. Response to the Environment 6. Reproduction 7. Growth and Development | | 34 |
| 4279337935 | What are the 10 levels of Biological Organization? | 1. Biosphere 2. Ecosystem 3. Communities 4. Populations 5. Organisms 6. Organs and Organ Systems 7. Tissues 8. Cells 9. Organelles 10. Molecules |  | 35 |
| 4279337936 | Cell | The lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life |  | 36 |
| 4279337939 | What is a hypothesis? | A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested | 37 | |
| 4279337941 | Of the three domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, which one is prokayotic? | Archaea | 38 | |
| 4279337942 | The energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from.... | The sun | 39 | |
| 4279337943 | Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb the nutrients are generally found in which kingdom? | Fungi | 40 | |
| 4279337944 | Biology | Study of Life; body of knowledge and an ongoing inquiry process to enhance it | 41 | |
| 4279337945 | Biology take us | 1. Variety of environments to investigate ecosystems 2. to the lab to examine how organisms work 3. Into the microscopic world to explore cells and submicroscopic to explore molecules in cells 4. back in time to investigate the history of life. | 42 | |
| 4279337950 | Lifes Basic characteristic | High degree of order built with materials based on Carbon | 43 | |
| 4279337951 | Hierarchical levels of life | 1. Atoms 2. Molecules 3. Organelles 4. Cells 5. Tissues 6. Organs 7. Organ systems 8. Organisms 9. Populations 10. Communities 11. Ecosystems 12. Biosphere | 44 | |
| 4279337952 | Atom | Smallest level of any chemical element, Indivisible | 45 | |
| 4279337953 | Molecules | Atoms are ordered in bonds, 1 or more atoms | 46 | |
| 4279337954 | Cells | Smallest living structure of organisms; living units of life | 47 | |
| 4279337955 | Organ system | Group of organ that carry out a specific function (digestive) | 48 | |
| 4279337956 | Organisms | An individual, A living thing | 49 | |
| 4279337957 | Ecosystem | All organism living in a specific are & interacting with surroundings like soil, water, plantation | 50 | |
| 4279337958 | Defining properties | What living things do | 51 | |
| 4279337959 | Properties of Life | 1. Order 2. Reproduce 3. Growth & Development 4. Energy Processing / Metabolize 5. Responds to Environment: 6. Regulation / Homeostasis 7. Evolutionary Adaptation | 52 | |
| 4279337960 | Order | Made of chemical elements mostly C in a specific way | 53 | |
| 4279337961 | Reproduce | Form new daughter organisms and generations with help of hereditary molecule DNA | 54 | |
| 4279337962 | Growth & Development | develop from simple small structures like eggs | 55 | |
| 4279337963 | Energy Processing / Metabolize | sum of a chemical reactions anabolism & catabolism. Takes energy and uses it or releases heat | 56 | |
| 4279337964 | Responds to environment | Adapt, change, or sense the world. Light, cold, hot | 57 | |
| 4279337965 | Regulation / Homeostasis | capacity to maintain internal balance | 58 | |
| 4279337966 | Evolutionary Adaptation | Make itself better fit for survival in environment | 59 |
