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| 13451779060 | T OR F organisms evolve during their lifetimes | false | 0 | |
| 13451779061 | Natural selection acts on ______, but ______ evolve | individuals, populations | 1 | |
| 13451779062 | Microevolution | change in allele frequencies in a population over generations | 2 | |
| 13451779063 | Three mechanisms causes allele frequency change | Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow | 3 | |
| 13451779064 | Only _____ can cause ______ evolution | Natural selection, adaptive | 4 | |
| 13451779065 | Variation in heritable traits is a prerequisite for | evolution | 5 | |
| 13451779066 | Mendel is the father of | genetics | 6 | |
| 13451779067 | genetic variation is caused by | differences in genes or other DNA segments | 7 | |
| 13451779068 | phenotype is | the product of genotype and environmental influences | 8 | |
| 13451779069 | natural selection can only act on a phenotype with a | genetic component | 9 | |
| 13451779070 | Some phenotypic differences are classified on an | either or basis | 10 | |
| 13451779071 | genetic variation can be measured as | gene variability or nucleotide variability | 11 | |
| 13451779072 | Some pheontypic variation does not result from ______ differences but from ______ influences | genetic, environmental | 12 | |
| 13451779073 | New genes and alleles can arise by | mutation and gene duplication | 13 | |
| 13451779074 | sexual reproduction can result in genetic variation by | recombining existing alleles | 14 | |
| 13451779075 | Mutation | Random change in nucleotide sequence of DNA | 15 | |
| 13451779076 | what type of mutations can be passed to offspring | mutations that occur in gametes | 16 | |
| 13451779077 | a point mutation is a change in | one base in a gene | 17 | |
| 13451779078 | neutral variation | no selective advantage or disadvantage | 18 | |
| 13451779079 | mutation rate is _____ in animals | low | 19 | |
| 13451779080 | sexual reproduction can shuffle existing alleles into new combinations | crossing over | 20 | |
| 13451779081 | Population | a localized group of individuals capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring | 21 | |
| 13451779082 | gene pool | all alleles for all loci in a population | 22 | |
| 13451779083 | the sum of all alleles is always | 1 | 23 | |
| 13451779084 | hardy weinberg equilibrium | a population where gametes contribute to the next generation randomly and genotype frequencies remain constant | 24 | |
| 13451779085 | Five conditions for nonevolving populations | No mutations, random mating, no natural selection, large population, no gene flow | 25 | |
| 13451779086 | Three factors bring out the most evolutionary change | Natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow | 26 | |
| 13451779087 | adaptive evolution | the match between organisms and their environments | 27 | |
| 13451779088 | genetic drift | describes how allele frequencies can fluctuate from one generation to the next | 28 | |
| 13451779089 | the founder effect | a few individuals become isolated from a larger population i.e pond getting more shallow | 29 | |
| 13451779090 | bottleneck effect | sudden reduction in population size cause by the environment i.e volcano | 30 | |
| 13451779091 | Summary of genetic drift | It is significant in small populations it can cause allele frequencies to change at random it can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations it can cause harmful alleles to become fixed | 31 | |
| 13451779092 | Geneflow | the movement of alleles among populations | 32 | |
| 13451779093 | T OR F gene flow can decrease and increase the fitness of a population | true | 33 | |
| 13451779094 | gene flow is an important agent of | evolutionary change in modern human populations | 34 | |
| 13451779095 | evolution by natural selection involves both _____ and ____ | chance and sorting | 35 | |
| 13451779096 | natural selection brings about adaptive evolution by acting on an organisms | phenotype | 36 | |
| 13451779097 | Relative fitness | the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool for the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals | 37 | |
| 13451779098 | Directional selection | favors individuals at one extreme end of the phenotypic range |  | 38 |
| 13451779099 | Disruptive selection | favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range |  | 39 |
| 13451779100 | stabilizing selection | favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes |  | 40 |
| 13451779101 | adaptive evolution is a | continuous process | 41 | |
| 13451779102 | sexual selection | natural selection for mating success | 42 | |
| 13451779103 | sexual dimorphism | marked differences between the sexes in secondary sexual characteristics | 43 | |
| 13451779104 | intrasexual selection | direct competition among individuals of one sex for mates of the opposite sex | 44 | |
| 13451779105 | intersexual selection | mate choice, individuals of one sex(usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates | 45 | |
| 13451779106 | balancing selection | when natural selection maintains stable frequencies or two or more phenotypic forms in a population | 46 | |
| 13451779107 | balancing selection includes two things | heterozygote advantage and frequency dependent selection | 47 | |
| 13451779108 | heterozygote advantage | when heterozygotes have a higher fitness than do both homozygotes | 48 | |
| 13451779109 | frequency dependent selection | the fitness of a population declines if it becomes too common in the population | 49 | |
| 13451779110 | Why natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms | selection can act only on existing variations evolution is limited by historical constraints adaptations are often compromises chance, natural selection, and the environment interact | 50 |
