*Campbell Biology Tenth Edition
*Chapter 2- The chemical Context Of Life
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| 2198304842 | Organisms are composed of | Matter | 0 | |
| 2198306122 | Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass | 1 | |
| 2198306785 | Element | Substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions(92 of them) | 2 | |
| 2198313887 | Compound | A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio | 3 | |
| 2198320025 | Example of Compound | Sodium Chloride - NaCl = table salt | 4 | |
| 2198323060 | Essential Elements | *Elements that an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce (20-25% of 92 natural elements) | 5 | |
| 2198418773 | Trace Elements | Required by an organism in only minute quantities | 6 | |
| 2198424883 | Example of Trace Elements | Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium | 7 | |
| 2198430876 | Atom | The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element | 8 | |
| 2198477965 | Neutrons | Neutral electric charge | 9 | |
| 2198533377 | Protons | One unit of positive charge | 10 | |
| 2198536862 | Electrons | one unit of negative charge | 11 | |
| 2198538757 | Atomic nucleus | center of an atom- where protons and neutrons are packed together tightly in a dense core | 12 | |
| 2198542189 | Dalton | unit of measurement used for atoms and subatomic particles | 13 | |
| 2198546411 | Atomic Number | The number of protons-unique to each element *written as a subscript to the left of the symbol for the element | 14 | |
| 2198558374 | Mass Number | Sum of protons and neutrons *written as a superscript | 15 | |
| 2198565242 | Atomic Mass | Approximation of total mass of an atom | 16 | |
| 2198567427 | Isotopes | -Different atomic forms of the same elements -Differ in the number of neutrons in the atomic nucleus -Have the same number of protons | 17 | |
| 2198652664 | Radioactive Isotope | Spontaneously give off particles and energy | 18 | |
| 2198684551 | Half-Life | The time it takes for 50% of the parent isotope to decay | 19 | |
| 2198690438 | Radiometric Dating | Scientists measure the ratio of different isotopes and calculate how many half-lives(in years) have passed since an organism was fossilized or a rock was formed | 20 | |
| 2198697694 | Energy | The capacity to cause change-by doing work | 21 | |
| 2198700424 | Potential Energy | The energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure | 22 | |
| 2198704102 | Electron Shells | -Where electrons are found -Each with a characteristic average distance and energy levels | 23 | |
| 2198714819 | Valence Electrons | Outer electrons | 24 | |
| 2198715869 | Valence Shell | Outermost electron shell | 25 | |
| 2198716942 | Orbital | The three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time | 26 | |
| 2198726108 | Chemical Bonds | when atoms stay close together - held by attractions called _______ | 27 | |
| 2198732092 | Covalent Bond | The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms | 28 | |
| 2198733444 | Example of Covalent Bond | 2 Hydrogen Bonds sharing their valence electrons to form a full 1S orbital | 29 | |
| 2198737850 | Molecule | Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds | 30 | |
| 2198739386 | Single Bond | A pair of shared electrons (represented by a line.. H-H) | 31 | |
| 2198743112 | Double Bond | Sharing of 2 pairs of valence electrons (represented by 2 lines.. O=O) | 32 | |
| 2198746850 | Valence | Bonding capacity of an atom | 33 | |
| 2198749969 | Electronegativity | The attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond | 34 | |
| 2198753446 | Non-polar Covalent bond | A covalent bond between two atoms of the same element..electrons are shared equally | 35 | |
| 2198761551 | Polar Covalent bond | When an atom is bonded with a more electronegative atom | 36 | |
| 2198764426 | Ions | Two resulting oppositely charged atoms(or molecules) | 37 | |
| 2198766747 | Cation | A positively charged ion | 38 | |
| 2198768486 | Anion | A negatively charged ion | 39 | |
| 2198786695 | Ionic Bond | Formed by any two ions of opposite charge | 40 | |
| 2198788879 | Example of Ionic Bond | Na+Cl Na gives its lone electron on the outer shel to Cl to complete Cl | 41 | |
| 2198804328 | Hydrogen Bonds | The attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom | 42 |
