Chapter 4 Campbell Biology vocabulary and questions
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| 1635358711 | Light Microscope | visible light is passed through a specimen, creating a magnified image through a lens with a resolution up to 0.2 µm | 0 | |
| 1635358712 | Magnification | increase of apparent size of an object | 1 | |
| 1635358713 | Micrograph | image taken from a microscope | 2 | |
| 1635358714 | Cell Theory | all living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells | 3 | |
| 1635358715 | Electron Microscope | focuses a beam of electrons through a specimen, can view structures as small as 2nm, Developed in the 1950's (up to 10,000,000X | 4 | |
| 1635358716 | Scanning Electron Microscope | uses a beam of electrons to scan the surface of a cell | 5 | |
| 1635358717 | Transmission Electron Microscope | used to study internal details of structure | 6 | |
| 1635358718 | Prokaryotic Cells | no nucleus-bacteria and archaea | 7 | |
| 1635358719 | Eukaryotic Cells | have a membrane enclosed nucleus-protists, fungi, plants, animals | 8 | |
| 1635358720 | Chromosomes | carry genes made of DNA of cell | 9 | |
| 1635358721 | Ribosomes | tiny structures that make proteins according to instructions from the genes | 10 | |
| 1635358722 | Cytoplasym | the interior both types of cells | 11 | |
| 1635358723 | Nucleoid | similar to nucleus, not enclosed by membrane, contains DNA coiled inside | 12 | |
| 1635358724 | Flagella | locomotion organelles of some bacteria, used to propel cell through its environment | 13 | |
| 1635358725 | Organelles | little organs which perform specific functions in the cell | 14 | |
| 1635358726 | Cellular Metabolism | chemical activities of the cells, occurs within the organelles | 15 | |
| 1635358727 | Nucleus | core of cell, contains most of the cell's DNA, controls most of cell's activities by directing protein synthesis | 16 | |
| 1635358728 | Chromatin | DNA and proteins that form chromosomes-(when cell is not dividing) | 17 | |
| 1635358729 | Nuclear Envelope | the double membrane enclosing the nucleus perforated with pores to regulate traffic with the cytoplasm | 18 | |
| 1635358730 | Nucleolus | region in nucleus that synthesizes RNA, proteins imported from cytoplasm to form the subunits of ribosomes | 19 | |
| 1635358731 | Endomembrane System | organelles inside the membrane of a eukaryotic cell | 20 | |
| 1635358732 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | extensive network in the eukaryotic cell continuous with outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosomes studded and ribosome free regions, within cytoplasm | 21 | |
| 1635358733 | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | ER area lacking ribosomes | 22 | |
| 1635358734 | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | ER area rough with ribosomes(who make membrane proteins) | 23 | |
| 1635358735 | Glyoprotein | protein synthesized by ribosomes with sugar chain attached | 24 | |
| 1635358736 | Transport Vesicle | vesicle that travels from one part of the cell to another | 25 | |
| 1635358737 | Golgi Apparatus | modify, store, and ship from the ER, Cis face is receiving, Trans is shipping | 26 | |
| 1635358738 | Lysosome | membranous sac of digestive enzymes, contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest engulfed food or damaged organelles | 27 | |
| 1635358739 | Vacuoles | large vesicles that have a variety of functions | 28 | |
| 1635358740 | Peroxisomes | metabolic compartments that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen producing hyrogen peroxide | 29 | |
| 1635358741 | Mitochondria | organelles that carry out cellular respiration, converts chemical energy of foods into chemical energy for the cell (ATP) "POWER HOUSE" | 30 | |
| 1635358742 | Mitochondrial Matrix | inner membrane of mitochondria containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle, ----has enzymes for cellular respiration---- | 31 | |
| 1635358743 | Cristae | the folds that increase membrane's surface area, enhancing the mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP | 32 | |
| 1635358744 | Chloroplasts | the photosynthesizing organelles of all photosynthetic eukaryotes | 33 | |
| 1635358745 | Stroma | thick fluid containing chloroplast DNA and ribosomes as well as many enzymes | 34 | |
| 1635358746 | Thylakoid | a network of interworking sacs inside the cholorplast | 35 | |
| 1635358747 | Granum | a stack of thylakoids--'solar power packs' | 36 | |
| 1635358748 | Endosymbiont Theory | states that the mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small prokaryotes that begin living within larger cells | 37 | |
| 1635358749 | Cytoskeleton | a network of protein fibers extending through the cytoplasm of a cell, acting like a skeleton | 38 | |
| 1635358750 | Microfilaments | 'actin filaments' solid rods composed of mostly globular proteins called actin arranged in a double chain | 39 | |
| 1635358751 | Intermediate Filaments | made of fibrous proteins that super coil into thicker coils reinforce into cell shape and to anchor certain organelles | 40 | |
| 1635358752 | Microtubules | straight hollow tubes composed of globular proteins called tubulins ---Found in cilia and flagella--- | 41 | |
| 1635358753 | Cilia | used for locomotion, tails on cells, short, numerous, oar like | 42 | |
| 1635358754 | Extracellular Matrix | holds cell membranes together, protects and supports the plasma membrane | 43 | |
| 1635358755 | Integrins | transmembrane protein attaches the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton | 44 | |
| 1635358756 | Cellwall | disguishes the animal cell from the plant cell, protects the cell, provides skeletal support, keeps the plant upright | 45 | |
| 1635358757 | Plasmodesmata | channels between cells for transport | 46 | |
| 1635358758 | Anton Van Leewenhoek | used hand grinded lenses for a microscope | 47 | |
| 1635358759 | Compound Microscope | magnifies up to 1000X | 48 | |
| 1635358760 | Robert Hooke | coined term 'cellulae' (cells in cork he examined) | 49 | |
| 1635358761 | eukaryote | means true kernal | 50 | |
| 1635358762 | prokaryote | means before the kernal | 51 | |
| 1635358763 | Vesicles | sacs made of membrane in the cytoplasm | 52 | |
| 1635358764 | Cis | receiving side of Golgi Apparatus | 53 | |
| 1635358765 | Trans | sending side of Golgi Apparatus | 54 | |
| 1635358766 | Central Vacuole | helps the cell grow in size by absorbing water and enlarging | 55 | |
| 1635358767 | Apoptosis | self-destruct command for lysosomes in cell | 56 | |
| 1635358768 | ATP | adenosine triphosphate-cell's sugar | 57 | |
| 1635358769 | Flagella | longer, fewer, whip-like, used for cell propulsion | 58 |
