Terms : Hide Images
| 9258169221 | autosome | a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosomes | 0 | |
| 9258169230 | centromere | the centralized region joining two sister chromatids | 1 | |
| 9258169232 | chiasma | the place where crossing over occurs | 2 | |
| 9258169233 | chromatin | the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing, the DNA exists as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope | 3 | |
| 9258169234 | chromosome | a gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each consisting of two very long DNA molecules and associated proteins generally seen compressed into tightly wound x-shaped bodies | 4 | |
| 9258169236 | crossing over | the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis 1 | 5 | |
| 9258169238 | deletion | (1) a deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage | 6 | |
| 9258169240 | diploid cell | a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent | 7 | |
| 9258169241 | down syndrome | a human genetic disease resulting from having an extra 21st chromosome, characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects | 8 | |
| 9258169242 | duplication | an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens, this genetic error causes a repeat of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from homologous chromosome | 9 | |
| 9258169243 | fertilization | the union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote | 10 | |
| 9258169244 | gamete | a haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. they unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote | 11 | |
| 9258169245 | genetic recombination | the general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents | 12 | |
| 9258169248 | haploid cell | a cell containing only one set of chromosomes | 13 | |
| 9258169249 | homologous chromosomes | chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. one homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother | 14 | |
| 9258169251 | inversion | an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically, reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated, but in reverse orientation | 15 | |
| 9258169252 | karyotype | a method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number, size, and type | 16 | |
| 9258169253 | leukemia | a type of cancer of the blood-forming tissues, characterized by an excessive production of white blood cells and an abnormally high number of them in the blood; cancer of the bone marrow that produces leukocytes | 17 | |
| 9258169255 | locus | a particular place along the length of a certain chromosome where a given gene is located | 18 | |
| 9258169258 | meiosis | a two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell | 19 | |
| 9258169264 | nondisjunction | an accident of meiosis or mitosis, in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosome or sister chromatid fail to move apart properly | 20 | |
| 9258169267 | sex chromosomes | one of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual | 21 | |
| 9258169269 | sister chromatids | replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis 2 | 22 | |
| 9258169270 | somatic cell | any cell in a multicellular organisms except a sperm or egg cell | 23 | |
| 9258169272 | trisomy 21 | a condition in which there are three number-21 chromosomes, which can cause down syndrome | 24 | |
| 9258169274 | zygote | the diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg | 25 | |
| 9258169275 | tetrad | the joining of two homologous pairs of chromosomes during prophase I, resulting in four joined chromatids. | 26 | |
| 9258169276 | Klinefelter syndrome | a genetic disorder in men that causes feminine secondary sexual characteristics; such as, larger than normal breast development, reduced facial hair, and sterility. XXY | 27 | |
| 9258169277 | Turners syndrome | a genetic disorder in women that causes reduced feminine secondary sexual characteristics; such as short stature (usually under 5'), webbing of the neck, the woman will not undergo puberty without treatment, and she will have ovarian hypofunction (making her sterile). | 28 | |
| 9258169278 | Patau Syndrome | Trisomy 13 can be a lethal genetic disorder in mammals, resulting in chromosomes failing to separate during meiosis. | 29 |
