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| 12074192856 | Genetics | the scientific study of heredity and heredity and heredity variations | 0 | |
| 12074192857 | Gene | a discrete unit of heredity information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA | 1 | |
| 12074192858 | Genome | the genetic material of an organism or virus; the complement of an organism's or virus's genes along with its non coding nucleic acid sequence | 2 | |
| 12074192859 | Gametes | a hypoid reproduction cell such as an egg or sperm | 3 | |
| 12074192860 | heredity | the transmission of traits from one generation to another | 4 | |
| 12074192861 | Asexual reproduction | the generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes, in most cases, the offspring are genetically identical | 5 | |
| 12074192862 | Sexual Reproduction | A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to the offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes | 6 | |
| 12074192863 | Life Cycle | the generation to generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism | 7 | |
| 12074192864 | Homologous chromosome | A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and straining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother. | 8 | |
| 12074192865 | Autosome | A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, not a sex chromosome. | 9 | |
| 12074192866 | Sex Chromosome | a chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual. | 10 | |
| 12074192867 | Karyotype | a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape. | 11 | |
| 12074192868 | Haploid | a cell containing only one set of chromosomes. | 12 | |
| 12074192869 | Diploid | a cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. | 13 | |
| 12074192870 | Fertilization | the union of a haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote. | 14 | |
| 12074192871 | Zygote | the diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization. | 15 | |
| 12074192872 | Mitosis | a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into 5 stages: prophase, prometaphase, anaphase, and telephase. Conserves chromosomes number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter nuclei. | 16 | |
| 12074192873 | Meiosis | a modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of 2 rounds of cell division but only 1 round of DNA replication. It results in cell with half the number of chromosome set as the original cell. | 17 | |
| 12074192874 | Alteration of Generation | a life cycle in which there is both multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form the gametophyte, characteristic of plants and algae. | 18 | |
| 12074192875 | Meiosis I | the first division of a two stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosomes | 19 | |
| 12074192876 | Meiosis II | the second of cell division of a two stage process of cell division in sexually reproduction organisms that result in cell with half the number of chromosome set as the original cell | 20 | |
| 12074192877 | crossing over | a genetic rearrangement between non sister chromatids involving the exchange of corresponding segments of DNA molecules, begins during pairing and synaptonemal complex formation and its completed while homologs are in synapsis | 21 | |
| 12074192878 | reduction division | Meiosis is also called this because it reduced the number of chromosomes | 22 | |
| 12074192879 | Recombinant Chromosome | A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome. | 23 | |
| 12074192880 | Somantic Cells | Humans have 23 pairs of this chromosome | 24 | |
| 12074192881 | Prophase I | Chromosomes begin to condense. In synapsis, homologous chromosomes loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene. | 25 | |
| 12074192882 | Chiasmata | Each homologous pair has one or more X-shaped regions | 26 | |
| 12074192883 | Metaphase I | tetrads line up at the metaphase plate with one chromosome facing each pole. Microtubules from one pole attach to the kinetochore of one chromosome of each tetrad | 27 | |
| 12074192884 | Anaphase I | Pairs of homologous chromosomes seperate. | 28 | |
| 12074192885 | Telephase I | each half of the cell has a haploid set of chromosmes; each chromosome consist of two sister chromatids. | 29 | |
| 12074192886 | Cytokinesis | usuallay occurs simultaneously forming 2 haploid daughter cells. | 30 | |
| 12074192887 | Prophase II | a spindle apparatus forms. | 31 | |
| 12074192888 | Metaphase II | the sister chromatids are arranged at the metaphase plate. Because of the crossing over in Meiosis I, the two sister chromatids are no longer genetically identical. | 32 | |
| 12074192889 | Anaphase II | Sister chromatids seperate. The sister chromatids of each chromosome now move as two newly individual chromosomes towards opposite poles. | 33 | |
| 12074192890 | Telephase II | Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles. Nuclei form, and the chromosome begins decondensing | 34 | |
| 12074192891 | Equational Division | Meiosis II is call this because the haploid cell divide to produce haploid daughter cells | 35 | |
| 12074192892 | 1. independent assortment of chromosomes 2. cross over 3. random fertilization | three mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation | 36 |
