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| 12920052120 | heredity | The transmission of traits from one generation to the next. | 0 | |
| 12920052121 | variation | Differences between members of the same species. | 1 | |
| 12920052122 | genetics | The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation. | 2 | |
| 12920052123 | gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). | 3 | |
| 12920052124 | gamete | A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. | 4 | |
| 12920052125 | somatic cell | Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors. | 5 | |
| 12920052126 | locus | A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located. | 6 | |
| 12920052127 | asexual reproduction | The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes (by budding, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into two or more parts). In most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent. | 7 | |
| 12920052128 | clone | A lineage of genetically identical individual cells. | 8 | |
| 12920052129 | sexual reproduction | A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes. | 9 | |
| 12920052130 | life cycle | The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism. | 10 | |
| 12920052131 | karyotype | A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape. | 11 | |
| 12920052132 | homologous chromosome | A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that posses genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One is inherited from each parent. | 12 | |
| 12920052133 | sex chromosome | A chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual. | 13 | |
| 12920052134 | autosome | A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sec chromosome. | 14 | |
| 12920052135 | diploid cell | A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one ser inherited from each parent. | 15 | |
| 12920052136 | haploid cell | A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n). | 16 | |
| 12920052137 | fertilization | The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote. | 17 | |
| 12920052138 | zygote | The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg. | 18 | |
| 12920052139 | meiosis | A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell. | 19 | |
| 12920052140 | alternation of generation | A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae. | 20 | |
| 12920052141 | sporophyte | The multicellular diploid stage of the plant life cycle. | 21 | |
| 12920052142 | spores | Haploid cells produced by meiosis in the sporophyte of plants. | 22 | |
| 12920052143 | gametophyte | The multicellular haploid stage of the plant life cycle. | 23 | |
| 12920052144 | meiosis I | The first division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell. | 24 | |
| 12920052145 | meiosis II | The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell. | 25 | |
| 12920052146 | allele | Different versions of a gene. | 26 | |
| 12920052148 | synapsis | The pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. | 27 | |
| 12920052149 | crossing over | The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis. | 28 | |
| 12920052150 | chiasma | The X-shaped, microscopically visible region where crossing over has occurred earlier in prophase I between homologous nonsister chromatids. Become visible after synapsis ends, with the two homologs remaining associated due to sister chromatid cohesion. | 29 | |
| 12920052152 | independent assortment | The arrangement of each pair of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate at meiosis I, in which each pair is positioned independently of the other pairs, and thus the first meiotic division results in each pair sorting its maternal and paternal homologs into daughter cells independently of every other pair. | 30 | |
| 12920052153 | recombinant chromosome | A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome. | 31 |
