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Campbell Biology Sixth Edition: Chapter 4 - A Tour of the Cell Flashcards

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3385897952NucleusA membranous organelle that is the genetic control center of the cell0
3385898284CytoskeletonA supportive network of fibers (microtubles, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments)1
3385901058LysosomesDigestive Enzymes inside of a membranous sac, produced collaboratively by the ER and Golgi Apparatus2
3385902169Nuclear EnvelopeDouble membrane perforated with pores called nuclear pores, connected to rough ER.3
3385903625ChloroplastEnclosed by two membranes. Internal parts include thylakoids, granum, and stroma. Found in cytoplasm.4
3385904536Cell WallMade up of tough fibrous carbohydrate that forms the outer boundary of cell. Provides support.5
3385905279VacuolesMembranous sacs filled with water, waste, and nutrients, and also adds to support in plants.6
3385906015MitochondriaOrganelles that convert sugar into energy in the form of ATP.7
3385906671RibosomesProduced by the nucleolus out of RNA fragments8
3385907608Endoplasmic ReticulumProduces its own membrane, finalizes the production of protein and secrets them in transport vesicles.9
3385908384NucleolusSpherical mass of RNA and proteins in the nucleus that produces ribosomes.10
3385909278Golgi ApparatusStacks of flattened membranous sacs. One end receives transport vesicles and the other end ships out vesicles containing completed product.11
3385910584ChromatinUnwound DNA found in nucleus, hereditary code for the production of proteins.12
3385913010NucleotideConcentrated mass of genetic material in bacteria. Region where the cells DNA is located (not enclosed by a membrane).13
3385917104PiliAttachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes14
3385923346CapsuleJelly- like outer coating of many prokaryotes.15
3385926723Plasma/Cell MembraneMembrane enclosing the cytoplasm16
3385927264CelluloseUsed for structure/support in plant cells, also used for carbohydrate storage.17
3385929351PeroxisomeAn organelle that is not part of the endomembrane system but is involved in various metabolic functions, including the breakdown of fatty acids to be used as fuel and the detoxification of alcohol and other harmful substances.18
3385933714CristaeMitochondria fold. It increases the membranes surface area, enhancing the mitochondria's ability to produce ATP19
3385935792StromaThick fluid which contains the chloroplast's DNA and ribosomes as well as many enzymes20
3385937729ThylakoidsA network of interconnected sacs inside the chloroplast.21
3385940503GranumThylakoids are stacked like poker chips, which are called ____________. It is also chloroplasts solar power packs- the site where the green chlorophyll molecules embedded in their membranes trap solar power.22
3385944650EndosymbiosisA theory that proposes that mitochondria and chloroplast were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells.23
3385945294Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM)This layer helps hold cells together in tissues and protects and supports the plasma membrane. It has a main component of glycoproteins.24
3385950631Tight JunctionThe membranes of neighboring cells are very tightly pressed against each other, knit together by proteins. Prevents leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer epithelial cells.25
3385953820Anchoring JunctionsIntermediate filaments made of sturdy keratin proteins anchor these junctions in the cytoplasm. Common in tissues subject to stretching or mechanical stress, such as skin and heart muscles.26
3385956671Gap Junctions(Also called communicating junctions). Channels that allow small molecules to flow through protein-lined pores between neighboring cells.27
3386133541Smooth ERImportant in the synthesis of lipids, including oils, phospholipids, and steroids.28
3386134738Rough EROne of the functions is to make more membrane by adding proteins and phospholipids. Ribosomes are attached to its surface, and the ribosomes produces the proteins that are modified and packaged in transport vesicles.29
3386139267CentrioleHelps with cell division in animal cells, and are involved in organizing microtubles in the cytoplasm.30
3386143889PlasmodesmaMicroscopic channel across the cell wall of a plant cell. It allows transport and communication between neighboring cells.31
3386145087ChromoplastsColored plastids other than green and found in colored parts of plants such as the petals. Due to the presence of carotenoid pigments, they are orange, yellow, or red in color.32
3386152124TonoplastThe membrane of the vacuole.33
3386154433LysosomeConsists of digestive enzymes enclosed in a membranous sac. The enzymes are made by rough ER and then transferred to the Golgi Apparatus for further processing.34
3386155236MicrobodyContain various enzymes not involved in digestion35
3386156598LeucoplastsNon-pigmented unlike chloroplast, and their main function is storage of different food materials.36
3386158421MicrofilamentsHelp support the cells shape. It is one of the 3 kinds of fiber that make up the cytoskeleton. They are also involved in cell movement.37
3386159549HyaloplasmStructure less fluid making up the rest of the cytoplasm.38

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