People, places and events that led to the outbreak of the American Revolution.
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| 561834699 | Pontiac | famous chief of the Ottawa who led an unsuccessful rebellion against the British. The failed rebellion was one factor in the British issuing the Proclamation of 1763 | |
| 561834700 | King George III | King George III, the king of England from 1760 to 1820, issued the Proclamation of 1763 closing land west of the Appalachians to colonists | |
| 561834701 | Jeffery Amherst | served as an officer in the British Army and as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. Detested American colonists and Indians | |
| 561834702 | Proclamation of 1763 | A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. | |
| 561834703 | siege | the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack | |
| 561834704 | smuggle | import or export secretly and against the law, without paying customs duties (taxes) | |
| 561834705 | ceded | surrendered or given up; usually land or territory | |
| 561841800 | Parliament | the lawmaking body of British government | |
| 561841801 | proclamation | an official and public document | |
| 561841802 | duty | tariff or tax placed on foreign goods brought into the country | |
| 561841803 | tarriff | tax on imports | |
| 561841804 | direct tax | a tax paid directly by the consumers ($1.00 plus tax). | |
| 561841805 | indirect tax | a tax levied on one person but passed on to another for payment to the government; merchants raise the price of goods they are selling to offset a tax, the consumer then indirectly pays the tax | |
| 561841806 | import | to bring goods in from a foreign country for trade or sale | |
| 561841807 | export | to send goods to another country for sale | |
| 561841808 | boycott | refusal to buy certain goods or services as a protest | |
| 561841809 | repeal | to cancel or revoke a law | |
| 561861954 | "taxation without representation" | The colonists were angry because they had to pay taxes to England but they did not get to have a representative in the English Parliament. | |
| 561913006 | propaganda | Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group or movement. | |
| 561926231 | coercive | intended to compel by force or authority to think or act in a certain way | |
| 561926232 | intolerable | completely unacceptable; unbearable | |
| 561926233 | Committee of Correspondence | groups of colonists began writing letters to each other to form ways of resisting British rule; shows communication between the colonies | |
| 561926234 | Sons of Liberty | A radical political organization formed after the passage of the Stamp Act to protest various British acts; organization used poth peaceful and violent means of protest | |
| 561926235 | Minute Man | a colonist civilian-soldier who could be ready to fight at a minutes notice | |
| 561926236 | arsenal | a storage place for weapons and ammunition | |
| 561926237 | George Grenville | Appointed by King George III as the Prime Minister in 1763, he had the opinion that the colonists should obey the laws and pay a part of the cost of defending and administering the British empire; passed the Sugar and Stamp Acts. | |
| 561926238 | Quartering Act | An act passed by the British that allowed British troops to live in the homes of the colonists; later strengthened as one of the Intolerable Acts | |
| 561926239 | Sugar Act | (1764) British deeply in debt partl to French & Indian War. English Parliament placed a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses. colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors. | |
| 561926240 | Stamp Act | A law passed by the British Parliament requiring colonists to pay a tax on newspapers, pamphlets, legal documents, and even playing cards. | |
| 561978426 | Charles Townshend | Chancellor of the Exchequer who proposed a new series of taxes on the colonists. These indirect taxes were on PAPER, PAINT, GLASS, LEAD & TEA | |
| 561978427 | Writs of Assisstance | blanket search warrant with which British custom officials had invaded private homes to search for smuggled goods. | |
| 561978428 | Boston Massacre | the first bloodshed of the Amercan Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five americans |  |
| 561978429 | Crispus Attucks | A free black man who was the first person killed in the Revolution at the Boston Massacre. | |
| 561978430 | Thomas Preston | Commander of the British regiment at the Boston Massacre; put on trial for murder after the Boston Massacre. | |
| 561978431 | Thomas Hutchinson | Governor of Boston who ordered cargo of tea to be unloaded in Boston despite colonial objection | |
| 561978432 | John Adams | Lawyer who defended British soldiers in the Boston Massacre trial. He believed in "innocent until proven guilty." In spite of these actions, he supported colonial independence. |  |
| 561978433 | Lord Frederick North | He was a Tory and a loyal supporter of King George III. While serving as Prime Minister he overreacted to the Boston Tea Party and helped precipitate the American Revolution. | |
| 561978434 | Tea Act | Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party | |
| 561978435 | Boston Tea Party | demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Mohawk Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor | |
| 561978436 | Intolerable Acts | in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, intended to force the colonists to obey Great Britain. Also known as the COERCIVE ACTS. reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses | |
| 561978437 | Boston Port Act | one of the Intolerable Acts, it closed the Port of Boston until the colonists paid for the tea that had been destroyed | |
| 561978438 | Administration of Justice Act | one of the Intolerable Acts, permitted royal officers to be tried in Great Britain when accused of crimes in the colonies | |
| 561978439 | Massachusetts Government Act | one of the Intolerable Acts, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, representatives were no longer elected but appointed by the king | |
| 561978440 | First Continental Congress | The assembly of colonial delegates from every colony except Georgia that met in 1774 in Philadelphia to oppose the Intolerable Acts. | |
| 561978441 | Olive Branch Petition | A document sent by 1st Continental Congress; pledge loyalty to King George III but asking Britain to respect the rights and liberties of the colonies, repeal oppressive legislation, and move British troops out of the colonies; George III ignored the document and declared all colonies in a state of rebellion | |
| 561978442 | John Hancock | Nicknamed "King of the Smugglers" ; He was a wealthy Massachusetts merchant in and leader of the Sons of Liberty. He was the ring leader in the plot to store gunpowder which resulted in the battles in Lexington and Concord. These battles began the American Revolution. | |
| 561978443 | Sam Adams | A Massachusetts politician who was a radical fighter for colonial independence. Helped organize the Sons of Liberty and is believed to have lead the Boston Tea Party. General Gage wanted to arrest him and John Hancock which lead to the battles of Lexington and Concord | |
| 561978444 | Paul Revere | American silversmith who became a hero after his famous ride to warn of the British advance on Lexington and Concord. 1 of 3 riders. | |
| 561978445 | Joseph Warren | warned Paul Revere the "British were coming", said "one if by land, two if by sea", | |
| 561978446 | William Dawes | A leader of the Sons of Liberty who rode with Paul Revere to Lexington to warn them that the British where coming | |
| 561978447 | shot heard round the world | A phrase from poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson about the first shots of the first battle (Lexington) of the Revolutionary War, encouraging worldwide movements towards democracy. | |
| 561978448 | Old North Church | Church in Boston used to tell Paul Revere of the British attack plans; one lantern if the British were to attack by land, 2 if they were to attack by sea; 2 lanterns were hung |  |
